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首页> 外文会议>Water Environment Federation annual technical exhibition & conference;WEFTEC 2002 >BRINE THE RESIDUAL OF THE FUTURE
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BRINE THE RESIDUAL OF THE FUTURE

机译：创造未来的残余

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The use of membranes for treatment of both potable water and wastewater is on theincrease. Several factors are responsible for this trend, among them the decreasing costof membrane equipment; increased concern for pathogen removal; use of less desirablesource water, with higher total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations; and the growingpractice of using reclaimed wastewater treatment plant effluent. The disposal of thewaste streams generated in membrane treatment, can pose a difficult problem.Results of surveys1 indicate that a common method of brine disposal is to discharge it to awastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Since the brine generated in membrane treatmenthas a high TDS content, it can interfere with wastewater settling; inhibit biologicalprocesses; and impacts to aquatic toxicity testing, all of which limit the options fordisposal or reuse of the water. In addition, the NPDES permits of many WWTPs containlimits on TDS or on specific ions. Brines high in TDS can also aggravate the corrosion ofcollection system piping and treatment plant process equipment. Because of these adverseimpacts, treatment facilities are requesting brine dischargers to examine alternativemethods of disposal.Traditional alternatives to discharging the brine to a WWTP include evaporation ponds,deep well injection, and mechanical evaporation2. Evaporation ponds have long beenused to decrease the volume of the brine concentrate to the point of crystallization,making it possible to handle the TDS precipitates as a solid material. This practice islimited because of its large site requirements, which makes it practicable only in aridclimates. Deep well injection and mechanical evaporation are capital-intensive as well ashaving high operation and maintenance costs. There is no ideal low-cost method of brinedisposal except ocean discharge, which does not help facilities that are not close to anocean.
机译：越来越多地使用膜来处理饮用水和废水。造成这种趋势的因素有很多，其中包括膜设备成本的下降；对去除病原体的关注增加；使用不太理想的水源，而总溶解固体（TDS）浓度较高；以及使用再生废水处理厂废水的日益增长的实践。膜处理过程中产生的废物流的处理可能会遇到难题。调查结果1表明，盐水处理的一种常见方法是将其排放到废水处理厂（WWTP）中。由于膜处理过程中产生的盐水中TDS含量较高，因此会干扰废水的沉降。抑制生物过程；以及对水生毒性测试的影响，所有这些都限制了水的处置或再利用的选择。另外，许多污水处理厂的NPDES许可都包含对TDS或特定离子的限制。 TDS含量高的盐水也会加剧收集系统管道和处理厂工艺设备的腐蚀。由于这些不利影响，处理设施要求盐水排放者检查替代处理方法。将盐水排放到污水处理厂的传统替代方法包括蒸发池，深井注入和机械蒸发2。长期以来，一直使用蒸发池将盐水浓缩物的体积减少至结晶点，从而有可能将TDS沉淀物作为固体物质处理。由于其场地需求量大，因此这种做法受到限制，因此仅在干旱气候下才可行。深井注入和机械蒸发是资本密集型的​​，并且灰化具有高的运行和维护成本。除了海洋排放以外，没有理想的低成本盐水处理方法，这对没有靠近海洋的设施没有帮助。

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