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首页> 外文会议>Water Pollution IX : Modelling, Monitoring and Management >Hydrosalinity fluxes in a small scale catchment of the Berg river (South Africa)
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Hydrosalinity fluxes in a small scale catchment of the Berg river (South Africa)

机译：伯格河（南非）小规模流域的水盐通量

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The occurrence of dryland salinity is widespread throughout semi-arid regions of the world. The sources of salts may be either rock weathering or rain deposition. Clearing of natural scrubland to make way for cultivated crops and pastures may also change the water balance, trigger salt mobilization and increase the salinity of water resources. These processes are suspected to be the main cause for salinization of the Berg river catchment (South Africa). The objective of this study was to determine the hydrosalinity fluxes associated with overland and subsurface (vadose zone) flow for different soils and land uses. For this purpose, the following data were collected during 2006 in a typical small scale catchment (～40 ha) located near the town of Riebeek West: weather data, hydrological and water quality measurements, soil water contents and chemistry. The climate of the area is Mediterranean with winter rainfall of about 350 mm a~(-1). The chemical speciation of water and soil solution in the catchment is conservative, with Na~+ and Cl~- being the dominant ions. Soil water and salt contents varied seasonally. Due to the typical low intensity of rainfall, the fluxes of salts during individual runoff events were steady. Fluctuations in salinity due to local processes were buffered at a catchment scale. Uncultivated (bare) soil produced more runoff and higher salinity compared to pasture land. Overland flow varied between 3 and 18% of rainfall, mobilizing up to 24 g m~(-2) of salts during 2006, depending on soil properties, slopes, rainfall intensity and duration, and antecedent moisture conditions. Subsurface fluxes of water and salts were estimated with the HYDRUS-2D model. Management practices at farm scale are required in order to reduce salt mobilization and salinization at catchment scale.
机译：干旱地区盐碱化的发生遍及世界半干旱地区。盐的来源可能是岩石风化或雨水沉积。清除天然灌木丛以耕种农作物和牧场还可能改变水的平衡，触发盐分的动员并增加水资源的盐分。这些过程被怀疑是伯格河流域（南非）盐碱化的主要原因。这项研究的目的是确定不同土壤和土地用途下与陆上和地下（渗流带）水流有关的水盐通量。为此，在2006年于Riebeek West镇附近的一个典型小规模流域（约40公顷）中收集了以下数据：天气数据，水文和水质测量，土壤含水量和化学性质。该地区是地中海性气候，冬季降水约350 mm a〜（-1）。流域中水和土壤溶液的化学形态是保守的，其中Na〜+和Cl〜-是主要离子。土壤水和盐含量随季节变化。由于典型的降雨强度较低，因此在单个径流事件中盐分通量是稳定的。由于局部过程造成的盐度波动在流域规模上得到了缓冲。与牧场相比，未经耕种（裸露）的土壤产生更多的径流和更高的盐度。根据土壤性质，坡度，降雨强度和持续时间以及先前的湿度条件，2006年陆上降雨量在降雨的3％至18％之间变化，最多吸收24 g m〜（-2）的盐分。使用HYDRUS-2D模型估算了水和盐的地下通量。为了减少流域规模的盐动员和盐碱化，需要农场规模的管理实践。

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