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首页> 外文会议>Workshop on Coastal Area Planning and Management in Asian Tsunami-Affected Countries; 20060927-29; Bangkok(TH) >Pre-and post-tsunami coastal planning and land-use policies and issues in the Maldives
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Pre-and post-tsunami coastal planning and land-use policies and issues in the Maldives

机译：海啸前后马尔代夫的沿海规划和土地使用政策及问题

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The Maldives archipelago is the historical archetype of an atoll-type coral reef province. The coral reefs of the Maldives have been formally explored and studied since 1840 and they represent the most diverse and best known reefs in the Indian Ocean. The reef system contains about 2 000 distinct coral reefs with a total coral reef area of about 4 500 square kilometres. Conventional definitions of coastal area as applied to continental land areas do not apply to the Maldives due to the nature and structure of its coral atolls and reefs. Effectively, all reefs in the Maldives can be considered as coastal for the purposes of tropical coastal area management. This notion of coastal lands for the Maldives can be explained by the fact that only five percent of the total reef area of the Maldives is land. The islands are extremely small (size ranges from 0.1 to 5 square kilometres). In fact, most of the reefs are landless with vast expanses of shallow reef flats. Two hundred of the 1 200 islands are thinly inhabited. About 120 islands are assigned exclusively for tourism development. The remaining 880 uninhabited islands are used for agriculture and other commercial developments. All land (consisting of individual small islands) belongs to the state with very few exceptions. Fisheries and tourism are the main industries. Fisheries can conveniently be categorized into offshore tuna fishing and coastal reef fishing — both depending on healthy reefs for their sustenance. The Maldives has successfully created a unique tourism product over 30 years of tourism development. Tourist resorts are developed on small islands with a one-island one-resort concept. The December 2004 tsunami displaced 10 530 people in the Maldives. Three islands were totally evacuated and will not be inhabited again. The tsunami caused extensive damage to the island coastlines and infrastructure. The smallness of the islands presents great challenges to socio-economic development. The government has formulated a population consolidation plan whereby the country will be divided into five regions for development. Larger and safer islands will be developed under the plan within these regions.
机译：马尔代夫群岛是环礁型珊瑚礁省的历史原型。自1840年以来，马尔代夫的珊瑚礁已被正式勘探和研究，它们代表了印度洋最多样化和最著名的珊瑚礁。珊瑚礁系统包含约2000个不同的珊瑚礁，总珊瑚礁面积约为4500平方公里。由于沿海地区的珊瑚环礁和礁石的性质和结构，沿海地区对沿海地区的常规定义不适用于马尔代夫。实际上，出于热带沿海地区管理的目的，马尔代夫的所有珊瑚礁都可以视为沿海地区。马尔代夫沿海土地的这一概念可以通过以下事实来解释：马尔代夫的礁石总面积中只有5％是土地。这些岛屿非常小（大小范围从0.1到5平方公里）。实际上，大多数珊瑚礁都是无土的，有大片浅礁石滩。 1200个岛屿中有200个人稀少。大约有120个岛屿专门用于旅游业发展。其余880个无人居住的岛屿被用于农业和其他商业发展。所有土地（由单个小岛组成）属于该州，很少有例外。渔业和旅游业是主要产业。渔业可以方便地归类为近海金枪鱼捕捞和沿海珊瑚礁捕捞-两者都依靠健康的珊瑚来维持。马尔代夫在30多年的旅游发展中已成功创造出独特的旅游产品。旅游度假胜地是在小岛上开发的，具有一岛一度假村的概念。 2004年12月的海啸使马尔代夫的10 530人流离失所。三个岛屿已全部撤离，将不再有人居住。海啸对岛屿的海岸线和基础设施造成了广泛破坏。岛屿的小面积对社会经济发展提出了巨大挑战。政府制定了一项人口合并计划，将全国分为五个发展区域。根据计划，将在这些区域内开发更大，更安全的岛屿。

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