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首页> 外文会议>Workshop to Identify Sustainable Rural Livelihoods; 20060405-07; Kupang(ID) >Evaluation of non-timber forest product species as potential elements of agroforestry systems
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Evaluation of non-timber forest product species as potential elements of agroforestry systems

机译：评价非木材林产品种类作为农林业系统的潜在要素

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Eastern Indonesia's high biological and cultural diversity is reflected in diverse and dynamic agroforestry systems. Systematic evaluation of non-timber forest products produced from agroforestry systems can identify those that could generate returns to help lift rural families out of poverty. What are the characteristics of 'winning products'? Which of these can be linked to Fairtrade or certification to reach selected markets? These are important questions at a time when farm income is in decline in West Timor and in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) generally for a variety of reasons, including technological change, low commodity prices and globalisation. Although farm income is in decline, agriculture and agroforestry are still the main sources of total household income for rural households, followed by income from marine resources. On drier islands, agriculture contributes a much smaller component of household income. Two off-farm sources are crucial to many households: first, income from the processing and sale of non-timber forest products (such as from palm species, kutu lak and woven textiles); and second, remittances from emigrants commonly working in Malaysia and the Middle East (particularly Saudi Arabia). The income share from handicrafts is higher on drier islands such as West Timor, Sumba, Lembata and Rote. Commercial trade in the higher value non-timber forest products in NTT, such as sandalwood and gaharu (Aquilaria resin), has a very long history, often characterised by overexploitation of wild populations and market control by well-connected traders. In some cases species have been added to agroforestry systems for social, economic and cultural reasons. Selecting 'winning' species for agroforestry systems in West Timor should be based not only on economic values, but also on cultural and social context including land tenure, prospects for local value-adding, market security and lessons from the past.
机译：印度尼西亚东部生物和文化的高度多样性体现在多样化和动态的农林业系统中。对农用林业系统生产的非木材林产品进行系统评估可以确定那些可以产生收益以帮助农村家庭摆脱贫困的产品。 “获奖产品”的特点是什么？其中哪些可以与公平贸易或认证相关联以进入特定市场？在西帝汶和东努沙登加拉（NTT）的农业收入普遍下降的时候，这些都是重要的问题，原因有多种，包括技术变革，低商品价格和全球化。尽管农业收入下降，但农业和农林业仍然是农村家庭家庭总收入的主要来源，其次是海洋资源收入。在较干燥的岛屿上，农业对家庭收入的贡献要小得多。对于许多家庭来说，两种非农业来源至关重要：第一，来自非木材林产品加工和销售的收入（例如来自棕榈树种，库图拉克和编织纺织品的收入）；第二，来自通常在马来西亚和中东（尤其是沙特阿拉伯）工作的移民的汇款。在西帝汶，松巴，伦巴塔和罗特等较干旱的岛屿上，手工艺品的收入份额较高。 NTT的高价值非木材林产品（例如檀香木和gaharu（沉香树脂））的商业贸易历史悠久，通常特征在于对野生种群的过度开发和联系紧密的商人对市场的控制。在某些情况下，出于社会，经济和文化原因，物种被添加到农林业系统中。在西帝汶为农林业系统选择“获胜”物种不仅应基于经济价值，而且还应基于文化和社会背景，包括土地保有权，当地增值前景，市场安全和过去的经验教训。

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