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State-of-the-Art Wastewater Recycling Study in Pristine Hawaii

机译：夏威夷最原始的最先进的废水循环利用研究

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The Honolulu Board of Water Supply is the municipal water utility for the island of Oahu, State of Hawaii, where over 90 percent of the potable water comes from aquifers. The BWS is exploring all available water supply options as part of its mission to ensure Oahu residents have the water resources needed today and in the future. Recycled water is one of these options. In 2000, the BWS launched a water recycling program through the purchase of the Honouliuli Water Reclamation Facility. This facility currently produces R1 water - the highest quality recycled water approved by the Hawaii Department of Health - that is irrigated on golf courses and median strips over brackish groundwater. Opportunities also exist for irrigating R1 water over the potable water aquifers in Central Oahu, but the possible impact on the aquifers is not known. To evaluate the possible impact, the BWS is conducting a scientific study to determine the level of constituent removal from Rl water through soil/aquifer treatment in Central Oahu. This study includes four major steps: (1) compare the chemical and microbiological characteristics of recycled water and of other potential irrigation sources, and identify constituents of concern; (2) conduct field studies to determine the fate of those constituents as they pass through the top soil layer; (3) perform laboratory soil-column studies and computer modeling to evaluate issues that can't be practically evaluated in the field; and (4) recommend appropriate levels of treatment and other water quality criteria to protect public health and the potable aquifer.
机译：檀香山供水委员会是夏威夷瓦胡岛的市政供水机构，那里90％的饮用水来自含水层。 BWS正在探索所有可用的供水方案，作为其使命的一部分，以确保瓦胡岛居民拥有当今和未来所需的水资源。循环水是这些选择之一。在2000年，BWS通过购买Honouliuli水回收设施启动了水回收计划。该工厂目前生产R1水-经夏威夷卫生署批准的最高质量的循环水-将其灌溉在高尔夫球场和咸淡水上的中位数带上。还存在在瓦胡岛中部的饮用水含水层上灌溉R1水的机会，但对含水层的可能影响尚不清楚。为了评估可能的影响，BWS正在进行一项科学研究，以确定在瓦胡岛中部通过土壤/含水层处理从R1水中去除的成分水平。这项研究包括四个主要步骤：（1）比较循环水和其他潜在灌溉源的化学和微生物特性，并确定需要关注的成分； （2）进行实地研究，以确定这些成分穿过土壤顶层的命运； （3）进行实验室土柱研究和计算机建模，以评估在现场无法实际评估的问题； （4）建议适当的处理水平和其他水质标准，以保护公众健康和饮用水蓄水层。

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