声明
摘要
Abstract
Table of content
第一章 引言 Chapter 1-General introduction
1．1 The limits of the input-intensive agriculture
1．2 Towards a biodiversity-based agriculture
1．3 Practices for a biological control of insect pests in agroecosystems
1．4 Structure of the thesis
1．4．3 Chapter 4：Composing flower mixtures attractive to natural enemies：A trait-based analysis of natural enemy-flower interactions
1．4．4 Chapter 5：General conclusions and perspectives
2．第二章 Chapter 2-Towards a biodiversity-based agriculture for sustainable food systems
2．1．1 Introduction
2．1．2 Agroecological practices to increase environmental sustainability
2．1．3 Organizing the food system in order to increase social relevance and economic viability
2．1．4 Scientific practices and agricultural innovation
2．1．5 Towards tailor-made solutions rather than recipes
2．2 Article 2-Wheat(Triticum aestivum L．)-based intercropping systems for biological pest control．A review
2．2．1 Introduction
2．2．2 Experimental methods
2．2．3 Results
2．2．4 Discussion
2．3 Article 3-Wildflower strips for biological control：state-of-art，limits and perspectives in Wallonia．A review
2．3．1 Introduction
2．3．2 Semi-natural elements for biodiversity conservation：which benefits for biological control?
2．3．3 Despite their ability to host insects，do wildflower strips enhance pest biological control?
2．3．4 Composing flowering mixtures：the benefits of functional diversity
2．3．5 Wildflower strips are managed but what is the effect of mowing on insect diversity?
2．3．6 Conclusion
3．第三章 Chapter 3-Increasing plant diversity at the field scale with the provision of flower resources for enhancing biological control
Introduction to Chapter 3
3．1 Article 4-Wheat-oilseed rape intercropping(combined with the slow release of semiochemicals)to control aphids and attract their natural enemies in China
3．1．1 Introduction
3．1．2 Material and methods
3．1．3 Results
3．1．4 Discussion
3．2 Article 5-Pest regulation and support of natural enemies in agriculture：Experimental evidence of within field wildflower strips
3．2．1 Introduction
3．2．2 Material and methods
3．2．3 Results
3．2．4 Discussion
4．第四章 Chapter 4-Composing flower mixtures attractive to natural enemies：A trait-based analysis of natural enemy-flower interactions
Introduction to Chapter 4
4．1 Article 6-Do flower mixtures with high functional diversity enhance aphid predators in wildflower strips?
4．1．1 Introduction
4．1．2 Material and methods
4．1．3 Results
4．1．4 Discussion
4．2 Article 7-Effect of flower traits and hosts On the abundance of parasitoids in perennial multiple species wildflower strips sown within oilseed rape(Brassica napus L．)crops
4．2．1 Introduction
4．2．2 Material and methods
4．2．3 Results
4．2．4 Discussion
第五章-第五章 全文结论-Chapter 5-General conclusions and perspectives
5．1 General conclusions
5．1．1 Conclusions on the increase of plant diversity at the field scale with the provision of flower resources for enhancing biological control
5．1．2 Conclusions on the trait-based analyses for composing flower mixtures attractive to natural enemies
5．1．3 Prey／hosts versus habitats：what does explain natural enemy abundance and diversity in agroecosystems?
5．1．4 Assessing biological control of insect pests in agroecosystems：what is the best indicator?
5．1．5 Variability in the delivery of ecosystem services：an intrinsic component of agroecological systems?
5．2 Article 8-Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services：An agroecological perspective
5．2．1 Introduction
5．2．2 Spatial diversification towards biological control of insect pests
5．2．3 From insect pest control to multiple ecosystem services
5．2．4 Conclusion
References
致谢-Acknowledgements
作者简历
