声明
摘要
Abstract
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1：Introduction
1．1 Background of the study
1．2 Statement of the Problem
1．4 Research Objectives
1．5 Research Questions
1．6 Research Design
1．6．1 Introduction
1．6．2 Sampling Technique
1．6．3 Data Collection Tools
1．7 Significance of the study
1．8 Delimitation and Scope of the Research
1．9 Ethical considerations
2．Literature Review
2．2 Theoretical Framework
2．3 Civil Society and Elections Around the Globe
2．4 Civil Society and Elections in Africa
2．5 Origins of Civil Society in Zimbabwe
2．6 Civil Society and Elections in Zimbabwe
2．7 Conclusion
3 ZESN and Elections in Zimbabwe
3．1 Introduction
3．2 Zimbabwe Electoral Cycle
3．3 Legal Instruments Governing Elections in Zimbabwe
3．4 ZESN Structure and Governance
3．5 ZESN Programs
3．5．1 Monitoring and observation
3．5．2 Public Outreach
3．5．3 Research and Advocacy
3．5．4 Media and Informafion
3．5 Conclusion
4 Research Findings and Data Analysis
4．1 Introduction
4．2 How ZESN became organized
4．3 ZESN Funding and Affiliation
4．4 Roles Performed by ZESN in Previous Elections
4．4．1 Sample Based Observation
4．4．2 Advocacy
4．4．3 Public Outreach
4．4．4 Media and Informafion
4．4．5 Research
4．4．6 Advocate for Transparency Postal Voting
4．5 Challenges
4．5．1 Financial Constraints and Autonomy
4．5．2 Institutional Capacity Constrains
4．5．3 Competition between CSOs
4．5．4 Closed Democratic Space
4．5．5 Frosty Relations between CSOs and the Government
4．5．6 Economic Instability
4．7 Conclusion
5 Conclusions and Recommendation
5．1 Conclusion
5．2 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
Appendix
