BIOACCUMULATION OF LEAD(Pb)AND ITS EFFECTS ON OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS FEED INTAKE,GROWTH PERFORMANCE,IMMUNE AND STRESS RESPONSES

声明

Table of Contents

ABSTRACT

摘要

CHAPTER 1 Literature Review and Study Plan

1．1 Heavy Metal Contamination of Freshwater Ecosystems

1．2 Fish-humans transter or heavy metals

1．3 Deleterious effects of heavy metals pollutants on fish

1．4 Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

1．5 Lead (Pb) and its effects on fish

1．6 Innate immunity in fish

1．7 Bioamplification，Bioaccumulation，and Bioconcentration

1．7．1 Bioaccumulation

1．7．2 Bioconcentration

1．7．3 Biomagnification

1．8 Fish Morphometric or morphometry in response to pollutants

1．8．1 Fulton Condition Factor

1．8．2 Hepatosomatic Index

1．9 Justification

1．10 Aim of study

1．11 Hypotheses

CHAPTER 2 Effect of lead on non-specific immunity of O．niloticus

2．1 Introduction

2．2 Materials and methods

2．2．1 Study location

2．2．2 Lxperimental fish and management

2．2．3 Preparation of lead solution

2．2．4 Blood sampling

2．2．5 Statistical analysis

2．3 Results

2．3．1 Serum compliment C3

2．3．2 Serum IgM

2．3．3 Serum Lysozyme

2．4 Discussion

2．5 Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 Effect of lead on Serum Cortisol，Hepatosomatic Index，Growth Performance，Feed Utilization and Survival of Tilapia

3．1 Introduction

3．2．1 Preparation of lead solution

3．2．2 Blood sampling

3．2．3 Cortisol analysis

3．2．4 Growth performance analysis

3．2．5 Statistical Analysis

3．3 Results

3．3．1 Serum cortisol

3．3．2 Feed utilization and growth performance

3．3．3 Mortality

3．4 Discussion

3．5 Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 Bioaccumulation of Lead in the Muscle of Tilapia

4．1 Introduction

4．2 Materials and methods

4．2．1 Tissue sampling

4．2．2 Lead testing

4．2．3 Transfer Factor (TF) analysis

4．3 Results

4．3．1 Lead in fish muscle tissues

4．4 Discussion

4．5 Conclusion

Conclusion of the whole study

References

Acknowledgment