哥斯达黎加卡塔戈省逆向物流视角下的PET回收分析

声明

致谢

1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction (概述)

1.2 Historical background (历史背景)

1.3 Topic background (主题背景)

1.3.1 Costa Rican beverage containers background

1.4 Justification of this research study (研究性学习理由)

1.5 Construction of the reverse logistics concept (逆向物流概念)

1.6 Reverse logistics practice in Costa Rica (哥斯达黎加的逆向物流实践)

1.7 Scope of the research (研究范围)

1.8 Objectives (研究目标)

1.8.1 Main objective (主要目标)

1.8.2 Specific objectives (具体目标)

1.9 Methodology (方法)

2 Theoretical framework. Logistics, environment and PET

2.1 Direct logistics and its practices (直接物流及其实践)

2.2 Definition of reverse logistics and its various approaches (逆向物流的定义及其各种方法)

2.3 Environmental definitions and their contemporary practices (环境定义及其当代实践)

2.4 Creation and evolution of plastic material (塑料材料的创造和发展)

2.5 General properties of plastic materials (塑料材料的一般性能)

2.6 Plastic material: its classification according to its plasticity (塑料材料:根据其可塑性进行分类)

2.6.1 Thermostable (耐高温)

2.6.2 Thermoplastics (热塑性塑料)

2.7 Plastic material codification (塑料材料编纂)

2.7.1 Terephthalate polyethylene (PET) (聚对苯二甲酸)

2.7.2 High density polyethylene (高密度聚乙烯)

2.7.3 Polyvinyl chloride (聚氯乙烯)

2.7.4 Low density polyethylene (低密度聚乙烯)

2.7.5 Polypropylene (聚丙烯)

2.7.6 Polystyrene (聚苯乙烯)

2.8 Polyethylene Terephthalate (聚对苯二甲酸)

3 Recycling process of PET containers and its connection with Reverse Logistics

3.1 Obtaining process of PET (获得PET的过程)

3.1.1 PET obtaining through polymerization (PET通过聚合获得)

3.1.2 PET obtaining through crystallization (PET通过结晶获得)

3.1.3 Post-polymerization PET obtaining process or solid state polymerization (后聚合PET获得过程或固态聚合)

3.2 Recycling (回收)

3.3 Plastics recycling (塑料回收)

3.3.1 Mechanical recycling (机械回收)

3.3.2 Chemical PET recycling (化学PET回收)

3.4 Characteristics of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的特性)

4 Costa Rican Waste Management: Local and International Legislation

4.1 International treaties (国际条约)

4.1.1 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (控制危险废物越境转移及其处置巴塞尔公约)

4.1.2 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (联合国气候变化框架公约)

4.1.3 Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书)

4.1.4 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de Janeiro (联合国环境与发展会议（环发会议），里约热内卢)

4.2.1 Law No 8839: Law for Integral Waste Management (第8839号法律：整体废物管理法)

5 Market Study

5.1 Determination of polyethylene terephthalate (聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的测定)

5.1.1 Import analysis of polyethylene terephthalate (聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的进口分析)

5.1.2 Actual demand for polyethylene terephthalate (聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的实际需求量)

5.2 Analysis of the consumption of polyethylene terephthalate in the city of Cartago

5.3 Statistical determination of consumption of containers made of PET

5.4 Collection analysis of polyethylene terephthalate containers (聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯容器的收集分析)

5.5 Determination of the price of recycled PET plastic (再生PET塑料价格的测定)

5.5.1 Sale price (销售价格)

5.5.2 Purchase price (购买价格)

5.6 Alternatives for the use of recycled terephthalate polyethylene in the manufacture of new products (使用再生对苯二甲酸乙二醇聚乙烯制造新产品的替代方案)

5.7 Product definition (产品定义)

5.7.1 Pellet or flex material (颗粒或柔性材料)

6 Process Development

6.1 Method for disposing polyethylene terephthalate containers after consumption (消费后配置聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯容器的方法)

6.2 Method for processing polyethylene terephthalate containers in the post-consumption stage (在消费后阶段处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯容器的方法)

6.2.1 Grinding of polyethylene terephthalate (研磨聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)

6.2.2Water cleaning and separation (水清洗和分离)

6.2.3 Chemical washing (化学洗涤)

6.2.4 Drying of the plastic material (干燥塑料材料)

6.2.5 Obtaining flex or pellet (获得柔性或颗粒材料)

7 Analysis: relevance, sustainability and sustainability

7.1 Sustainability analysis (可持续性分析)

7.2 Analysis of sustainability or reasonableness for the project (分析项目的可持续性或合理性)

7.3 Analysis of relevance (相关性分析)

8 Cooperation, environmental protection and the impact of pollution by plastics

8.1 Green growth and the impact of pollution in Costa Rica (哥斯达黎加的绿色增长和污染的影响)

8.1.1 Green growth (绿色增长)

8.1.2 Impact of pollution in Costa Rica (哥斯达黎加污染的影响)

8.2 Strategies and public policies for the benefit of the environment (有利于环境的战略和公共政策)

8.3 International cooperation agreements on environmental matters (关于环境问题的国际合作协定)

8.3.1 International cooperation and conservation exchange with the Republic of Rwanda (与卢旺达共和国的国际合作和保护交流)

8.3.2 Agreement of Environmental Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Costa Rica and the Government of Canada (哥斯达黎加共和国政府与加拿大政府之间的环境合作协定)

8.3.3 Agreement Among The Governments Of Costa Rica, The Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, And The United States Of America on Environmental Cooperation (哥斯达黎加政府之间的协定多米尼加共和国，萨尔瓦多，危地马拉，洪都拉斯，尼加拉瓜和美利坚合众国环境合作)

9 Conclusions and recommendations

9.1 Conclusions (结论)

9.2 Recommendations (建议)

参考文献

Annex 1. Format of the survey questionnaire

Annex 2: Statistical analysis of the survey applied in the city of Cartago, Costa Rica

Author’s Resume-作者简历

Declaration of Thesis Originality(学位论文原创性声明)

学位论文数据集