Highly Uniform and Porous Polyurea Microspheres:Preparation, Characterization and Applications

声明

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Polyurea Materials

1.1.1 Historical Perspective of PU

1.2 Porous Polymer Microspheres

1.2.1 Preparation Methods of Porous Polymer Microspheres

1.3 PU Microspheres

1.4 Polymer-Metal Composite Microspheres

1.5 Motivation of the Thesis

Chapter 2 Preparation of Highly Uniform and Porous PU Microspheres (PPM)

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Experimental Section

2.2.1 Materials Details

2.2.2 Laboratory Equipment

2.2.3 Microfluidic Device Design

2.2.4 Characterization of PPM

2.3 Results and Discussions

2.3.1 PPM Formation Mechanism

2.3.2 Effect of Aqueous Phase Flow Rate on PPM Formation

2.3.3 Effect of TDI Flow Rate on PPM Formation

2.3.4. Effect of PVA Amount on PPM Formation

2.3.5. Effects of Polymerization Time

2.3.6 Effects of Polymerization Temperature

2.3.7 PPM Morphology Observation by SEM

2.3.8 Porous Properties of PPM

2.4 Summary

Chapter 3 Preparation of Pd-PPM Composites by Different Process (Pd@PPM1, Pd@PPM2)

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Experimental Section

3.2.1 Synthesis Approach of Pd@PPM1 and Pd@PPM2

3.2.2 Characterization

3.3 Results and Discussion

3.3.1 Preparation of Pd@PPM1 and Pd@PPM2

3.3.2 Morphology observation by OM and SEM

3.3.3 Porous Properties

3.3.4 EDX Analysis

3.3.5 FTIR Analysis

3.3.6 XRD Analysis

3.3.7 NMR Analysis

3.3.8 XPS Analysis

3.3.9 H2-TPR Analysis

3.4 Summary

Chapter 4 Pd-PPM Composites as Catalyst in Dye Degradations

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Experimental Section

4.2.1 Degradation of Dyes by Pd@PPM1 and Pd@PPM2

4.3 Results and Discussion

4.3.1 MO Degradation

4.3.2 RhB Degradation

4.3.3 MB Degradation

4.3.4 Mechanism of Dyes Degradation

4.3.5 Reusability of Pd@PPM1 and Pd@PPM2 in Dyes Degradation

4.4 Summary

Chapter 5 Pd-PPM Composites as Catalyst in 4-NP Reduction

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Experimental Section

5.2.1 4-NP Reduction by Pd@PPM1 and Pd@PPM2

5.2.2 Characterization

5.3 Results and Discussion

5.3.1 CO Pulse Chemisorption Analysis

5.3.2 Catalytic Activity of Pd@PPM2 for 4-NP Reduction

5.3.3 Effect of Pd@PPM2 Amount on 4-NP Reduction

5.3.4 Effect of NaBH4 Amount on 4-NP reduction

5.3.5 Pd Loading Effect on Pd@PPM2 Activity for 4-NP Reduction

5.3.6 Effect of 4-NP Initial Concentration

5.3.7 Effect of Temperature on 4-NP Reduction

5.3.8 Effect of pH on 4-NP Reduction

5.3.9 4-NP Reduction by Pd@PPM1

5.4 Summary

Chapter 6 Pd@PPU Composite as Catalyst in Cr6+ Reduction

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Experimental Section

6.2.1 Preparation of Pd@PPU

6.2.2 Characterization f Pd(OAc)2@PPU and Pd@PPU

6.2.3 Catalytic Performance of Pd@PPU in Cr6+ Reduction

6.3 Results and Discussion

6.3.1 Synthesis and Characterizations of Pd@PPU

6.3.2 Morphology observation by OM and SEM

6.3.3 EDS Analysis

6.3.4 BET Analysis

6.3.5 FTIR Analysis

6.3.6 NMR Analysis

6.3.7 XPS Analysis

6.3.8 XRD Analysis

6.3.9 TEM Analysis

6.3.10 Performance of Pd@PPU for the Reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+

6.3.11 Effect of Pd Amount on Cr6+Reduction

6.3.12 Effects of FA and SF Concentrations on Cr6+ Reduction

6.3.13 Effect of Initial Concentration of K2Cr2O7 on Catalytic Activity of Pd@PPU

6.3.14 Effect of Temperature on Cr6+ Reduction

6.3.15 Mechanism of Cr6+ Reduction

6.3.16 Catalytic Activity Comparison of Pd@PPU with Commercial Pd@C

6.3.17 Reusability of Pd@PPU

6.4 Summary

Chapter 7 Conclusions and Future Outlook

7.1 Conclusions

7.2 Future Outlook

参考文献

致谢

Appendix