Preparation of Microspheres of Hexachlorocyclophosphazene(HCCP)Derivatives,and their Derived Composite Carbons

声明

ABSTRACT

摘要

CONTENTS

1．Introduction

1．1．Historical overview of polyphosphazenes

1．2．Classification of polyphosphazenes

1．2．1．Small-molecule cyclic polyphosphazenes

1．2．2．Small-molecule linear polyphosphazenes

1．2．3．Linear polyphosphazenes high polymers

1．2．4．Macromolecular and composite polyphosphazenes materials

1．3．Electronic and geometric features of polyphosphazenes

1．3．1．Computational studies

1．4．Syntheses of polyphosphazenes

1．4．1．Straight chain polyphosphazenes

1．4．2．Cyclomatrix polyphosphazenes

1．5．Applications of cyclomatrix tipe of polyphosphazenes

1．5．1．Carrier materials

1．5．2．Adsorbent of dyes

1．5．3．Drug delivery agents

1．5．4．Fluorescent active materials

1．5．5．Precursors of carbon materials

1．5．6．Carbon nanotubes and graphene composites for energy applications

1．6．Aims and objective of the current work

References

Chapter 2：Cyclophosphazenes trimer derived PCTHB cross-linked microspheres：Synthesis，morphology control and fluorescent Features

2．1．Introduction

2．2 Experimental

2．2．1．Materials

2．2．2．Characterization

2．2．3．Preparation of the PCTHB microspheres

2．3．Results and discussion

2．3．1．Mechanism of formation of PCTHB microspheres

2．3．2．Morphology and structural features

2．3．3．Characterization and properties of PCTHB microspheres

2．5． Summary

References

Chapter 3：Heteroatoms-doped metal-free catalyst derived from polyphosphazenes wrapped MWCNTs as highly efficient electro-catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)

3．1．Introduction

3．2． Experimental

3．2．1．Materials

3．2．2．Characterization

3．2．3．Electrochemical Studies

3．3．Preparation of(C-PCTNB@CNTs)catalyst

3．3．1．Preparation of the PCTNB microspheres

3．3．2．Preparation of the PCTNB@CNTs

3．3．3．Preparation of N，P，O doped carbonized PCTNB@CNTs electro-catalyst

3．4． Results and discussion

3．4．1．Formation mechanism and characterization of PCTNB microspheres

3．4．2．Wrapping of MWCNTs with PCTNB microspheres to form PCTNB@CNTs

3．4．3．Features of N，P，O doped carbonized PCTNB@CNTs(C-PCTNB@CNTs)as an efficient electrocatalyst for ORR

3．4．4．(C-PCTNB@CNTs)as an efficient electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

3．5 Summary

References

Chapter 4：Nitrogen，Phosphorus and Sulphur Tri-heteroatom Co-Doped Carbon Materials Derived from the Carbonization of Polyphosphazenes modified CNTs and Graphene for Efficient Energy Conversions in Fuel Cells

4．1．Introduction

4．2．Experimental

4．2．1．Materials

4．2．2．Characterization

4．2．3．Electrochemical studies

4．3．Preparation of PZS based carbon electrocatalysts

4．3．1．Preparation of PZS microspheres

4．3．2．Preparation of C-PZS microspheres

4．3．3．Preparation of C-PZS@CNTs microspheres

4．3．5．Preparation of C-PZS@CNTs-Graphene mierospheres

4．4．Results and discussion

4．4．1．Formation mechanism and characterization of PZS microspheres

4．4．2．Surface，functional and morphological features of PZS based carbons

4．4．3．Electrochemical performances

4．5 Summary

References

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

CONFERENCE PARTICIPATION

Sami Ullah Dar(Author)

Prof．Dr．Zhanpeng Wu(Supervisor)