文摘
英文文摘
学位论文数据集
ABBREVIATIONS
List of Figure, schemes and tables
List of figures
List of schemes
List of tables
Chapter 1 Introduction: Background and Literature Review
1.1 Suspension polymerization
1.1.1 Advantages of Suspension polymerization
1.1.2 Copolymerization
1.1.3 Physicochemical and Hydrodynamic parameters in suspension copolymerization
1.1.4 Macroporous copolymers
1.1.5 Factors affecting Microspheres size and morphology
1.1.6 Formation of porous structures during suspension polymerization in macroporous polymers
1.2 Effect of synthesis parameters on porous structure
1.2.1. Effect of the porogens
1.2.2. Effect of the crosslinker
1.2.3 .Effect of the temperature and the initiator
1.3 Enzymes
1.3.1 Biocatalysis
1.3.2 Enzyme nomenclature
1.3.3 Lipases: Triacylglycerol-acylhydrolase (3.1.1.3)
1.3.4 Sources of lipases
1.3.5 Industrial applications of lipase
1.3.6 Yarrowia lipolytica lipase: YlLip2
1.3.7 Crystal structure of YlLip2 lipase
1.4 Enzyme Immobilization
1.4.1 Advantages of Immobilized enzymes
1.4.2 Methods of Immobilization
1.4.3 Covalent immobilization:
1.4.4 Using spacer arm between cartier and enzyme
1.5 Research objectives
Chapter 2 Experimental section
2.1 Materials and Reagents
2.2. Physicochemical characterization
2.2.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)
2.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
2.3.3 Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP)
2.3.4 N2 Sorption porosimetry (BET)
2.3.5 Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.3.6 Measurement of microsphere mechanical stability
2.3.7 Elemental analysis (EA)
2.3.8 Determination of epoxy groups content
2.3.9 Synthesis of microspheres
2.3.10 Preparation of spacer-arm attached poly(GMA-TAIC-EGDMA) microsphere
2.3.11 Activation of copolymer matrix with Glutaradehyde
2.3.12 Immobilization of Yarrowia lipolytica onto spacer-arm attached copolymer microspheres
2.3.13 Protein assay
2.3.14 Activity assays of free and immobilized lipase
2.3.15. Thermal stability measurements of free and immobilized lipase
2.3.16 Operational Stability of the Immobilized Lipase
2.3.17 Procedure for the assay of physically bound lipase
Chapter 3 Synthesis and characterization of reactive macroporous poly(glyeidylmethacrylate-triallylisocyanurate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) microspheres by suspension polymerization
3.1 Introduction
3.2. Preparation of copolymer microspheres
3.3 Results and discussion
3.3.1 Synthesis of copolymer microspheres
3.3.2 Effect of stirring rate on microsphere size distribution
3.3.3 FT-IR spectra of the copolymer matrix
3.3.4 Composition and oxirane content of PGMA-TAIC-EGDMA copolymer
3.3.5 Surface morphology and internal structure of the microspheres
3.3.6 Pore volume, pore size and pore size distribution of the microspheres
3.3.7 Surface area of the copolymer microspheres
3.3.8 Comparison of the mechanical and thermal stability of the microspheres
3.4 Conclusions
Chapter 4 Tailoring the Poly(GMA-TAIC-EGDMA) copolymer microspheres of required pore size, porosity and specific surface area
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis of copolymer microspheres
4.3 Results and discussion
4.3.1 Mechanism of Pore Formation in Macroporous Polymers
4.3.2 Effect of diluent concentration on microspheres porosity and surface area
4.3.3 Effect of cross-linking density on microspheres porosity and surface area
4.4 Conclusions
Chapter 5 Covalent immobilization of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase on the spacer-arm attached Poly(GMA-TAIC-EGDMA) microspheres
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental section
5.2.1 Synthesis of spacer-ann attached poly(GMA-TAIC-EGDMA) microspheres
5.2.2 Procedure for the activation of copolymer matrix with Glutaradehyde
5.2.3 Procedure for the immobilization of Yarrowia lipolytica onto spacer-arm attached copolymer microspheres
5.2.4 Determination of protein assay
5.2.5 Desorption of physically bound lipase
5.2.6 Determination of the activity assays of free and immobilized lipase
5.2.7 Thermal stability measurements of free and immobilized lipase
5.2.8 pH stability measurements of free and immobilized lipase
5.2.9 Operational Stability of the immobilized Lipase
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 Enzyme Loading
5.3.2 Assessing the amount of covalently immobilized lipase
5.3.3 Immobilization yield and retention of activity
5.3.4 pH profile of the free and immobilized lipase
5.3.5 Temperature profile of the free and immobilized lipase
5.3.6 Thermal stability of the free and immobilized lipase
5.3.7 pH stability of the free and immobilized lipase
5.3.8 Operational stability of the immobilized Y1Lip2 lipase
5.3.9 Storage stability
5.4 Conclusions
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Recommendations for Future work
6.1 Conclusions
6.2 Recommendations for Future work
References
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
List of Publications (Published, Accepted and Submitted)
Resume of the Supervisor
Resume of the Author
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