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State Failure:the Cases of Sudan and South Sudan

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目录

声明

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Table of Contents

Abstract

Chapter One Introduction

1．1-Background

1．2-Research Objectives

1．3-Literature Review

1．3．1-Defining State Failure

1．3．2-The Causes behind State Failure

Chapter Two History of Sudan before the secession and the Civil Wars

2．1-Geography

2．2-History

2．3-Civil War

2．3．1-The First Civil War 1955-1972

2．3．2-The Second Civil War 1983-2004

2．3．3-The Comprehensive Peace Agreement(CPA)

Chapter Three The Creation of South Sudan and the Situation of Sudan after the Secession

3．1-Political Structure of South Sudan

3．2-The Foreign Aid and its implications

3．3-Political Conflict between the South Sudanese elites

3．4-Political System of Sudan

3．5-The Situation of Sudan

Chapter Four Reasons behind the Failure of South Sudan and Sudan and the issue of State Failure

4．1-The Failure of South Sudan and Sudan

4．2-Theoretical Approaches of State Failure

4．3-Main Factors that affected the State Building of Sudan and South Sudan

Chapter Five Conclusion and Recommendations

References

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摘要

South Sudan and Sudan are two typical African countries that are known by theirrebellious movements, civil wars and terror activities within their lands.According toresearchers, observers, and international historians, politicians and even humanitariananalysts, these states have been facing a lot of challenges and various events throughthe past few decades until nowadays.These events may vary from a country toanother; nevertheless, the challenges and the consequences could be the same.
　　Actually, South Sudan is considered as one of the most interesting countries in Africathat attracted many researchers and historians to study its situations.Through decades,this country had seen several conflicts and clashes with its neighbor Sudan.SouthSudan with its Christians and African indigenous and North Sudan with its Muslimand Arab descends.Both countries contain various local resources and strongpotentials that could lead Sudan to be one of the important leaders in whole Africa.
　　The Nile, the role of agriculture and the existence of oil could transform the land intoone of the productive African lands, yet the Sudanese land failed to bring stability andharmony among its populations and tribes.But, why exactly Sudan failed to be aharmonious and stable country?
　　Indeed, this paper has the purpose to compare two case studies: Sudan and SouthSudan.Indeed, the paper does not bring a precise series and events about the twocases.It tackles the issue of state failure and how these two countries through historyto now have struggled to bring peace and basic facilities to its people.This paper willcompare and describe these two countries by highlighting and emphasizing on thecauses and the consequences that lead them to be ranked among failed states.Usingother scholars and historians works; such as journals, empirical articles, researchpapers and dissertations as primary sources to assess the weakness of the two states.
　　The second element of the paper will apply analytical discussion about thefindings and detailed conclusions to assess the concept of state failure in order to findany added value or any other new assumptions to the issue.Case studies are used toexplain and describe an issue and its relationship with the location where the problemis happening.The analysis will be mainly based on the scholars' works, thediscussions and the findings that researchers made about the issue.In short, thediscussion will frame the duration of the problem, the economic, the political and theideological problems that Sudan and South Sudan have been facing.

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