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Time-based versus task-based contingencies: Which is more effective for independent academic assignments?

机译：基于时间的与基于任务的偶发事件：对于独立的学术任务，哪个更有效？

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摘要

Task interspersal is an academic material modification procedure designed to make task completion more reinforcing. It is implemented by adding a sequence of brief tasks prior to more difficult or nonpreferred target academic tasks. This procedure results in an increase in the number of conditioned reinforcers available for completing a given task. However, one limitation of the studies examining these effects is that researchers exclusively use time-based contingencies to study academic choice behavior. This procedure may (a) inadvertently limit student opportunities to respond to the target problems and (b) not accurately reflect the real contingencies in applied settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of time- and task-based contingencies on student choice of academic materials. In this study a concurrent-schedule design with a reversal was used to compare the students' choice of worksheets when working under different task contingencies.;Overall, the results showed that during the task-constant condition all three students had the same clear preference for the traditional worksheets. However, their preferences of task material during the time-constant condition were individualized. In addition, two of the students had higher digits correct per minute (DCPM) during the task-constant condition regardless of the task format and one student had higher DCPM on both types of worksheets during the time-constant condition. Results are discussed within the context of matching law and previous literature. Limitations of the study are also listed. Finally, implication for practitioner and teachers are delineated.
机译：任务散布是一种学术性的材料修改程序，旨在使任务完成更加有力。它是通过在较困难或较不喜欢的目标学术任务之前添加一系列简短任务来实现的。该过程导致可用于完成给定任务的条件增强剂的数量增加。但是，研究这些影响的研究的局限性在于研究人员只能使用基于时间的偶然性来研究学术选择行为。该程序可能（a）无意中限制了学生应对目标问题的机会，并且（b）无法准确反映应用环境中的实际突发事件。这项研究的目的是调查基于时间和任务的意外事件对学生选择学术材料的影响。在这项研究中，使用并发计划与逆向计划来比较学生在不同任务突发情况下工作时对工作表的选择。总的来说，结果表明，在任务恒定条件下，所有三名学生都有相同的明显偏好传统的工作表。但是，他们在时间恒定条件下对任务材料的偏好是个性化的。此外，无论任务格式如何，在任务恒定状态下，两名学生的每分钟正确位数（DCPM）较高，而在时间恒定状态下，两种类型的工作表上的一名学生的每分钟正确位数都较高。在匹配法律和先前文献的背景下讨论了结果。还列出了研究的局限性。最后，阐述了对从业者和教师的影响。

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  • 作者

    Hua, Youjia.;

  • 作者单位

    The Pennsylvania State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Pennsylvania State University.;
  • 学科 Education, Special.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 86 p.
  • 总页数 86
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 特殊教育;
  • 关键词

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