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GC-MS analysis of trace organic species in motor vehicle emissions for ultrafine particle source apportionment.

机译：GC-MS分析机动车尾气中的痕量有机物，用于超细颗粒物源分配。

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摘要

Measurements are reported that describe the size distribution of particle-phase trace organic species emitted from light duty gasoline-powered vehicles and heavy duty diesel-powered vehicles. The smallest characterized size fraction falls into the "ultrafine" range (Dp < 100 nm) that may be relevant for health effects studies. Emphasis is placed on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes because these compounds have direct environmental toxicity and/or these compounds can be used to quantify source contributions to ambient particulate matter concentrations. Size distributions of hopanes and steranes emitted from gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles that pass quality assurance checks have very similar shape that changes as a function of vehicle type, emissions control technology, and driving cycle. Likewise, size distributions of PAHs that pass quality assurance checks also have similar shape, but the PAH profile may be different than the hopane+sterane profile. These results suggest that hopanes+steranes and PAHs are produced by separate processes within the vehicle's combustion and emissions systems, and that these compounds may therefore act as separate tracers for oil and fuel contributions to emitted carbonaceous particles. Hopane+sterane and PAH size distributions measured next to a busy freeway have the same general shape as the analogous size distributions measured during emissions source tests. Source apportionment calculations predict that the majority of the ultrafine elemental carbon in the freeway environment originates from gasoline and diesel fuel with relatively minor contributions from motor oil. Similarly, the majority of the ultrafine organic carbon in freeway environment is predicted to originate from gasoline and diesel fuel, with smaller amounts attributed to motor oil. A set of large PAHs with molecular weight greater than 302 daltons are identified in gasoline-vehicle exhaust and in ambient particulate matter standards from the National Institute of Standards (NIST). These compounds may further help to differentiate contributions from diesel fuel and gasoline in fine and ultrafine ambient airborne particulate matter.
机译：据报道，测量描述了从轻型汽油动力车辆和重型柴油动力车辆排放的颗粒相痕量有机物的尺寸分布。最小的特征尺寸分数属于“超细”范围（Dp <100 nm），可能与健康影响研究有关。重点放在多环芳烃（PAH），hop烷和甾烷烃上，因为这些化合物具有直接的环境毒性和/或这些化合物可用于量化源对环境颗粒物浓度的贡献。通过质量保证检查的汽油和柴油驱动车辆排放的hop烷和甾烷的尺寸分布具有非常相似的形状，该形状随车辆类型，排放控制技术和行驶周期而变化。同样，通过质量保证检查的PAH尺寸分布也具有相似的形状，但PAH曲线可能与the烷+甾烷曲线不同。这些结果表明，hop烷+甾烷和PAH是由车辆燃烧和排放系统内的独立过程产生的，因此这些化合物可能充当油和燃料对排放的碳质颗粒贡献的独立示踪剂。在繁忙的高速公路旁测量的Hopane + sterane和PAH尺寸分布具有与排放源测试期间测量的类似尺寸分布相同的总体形状。源解析计算预测，高速公路环境中的大多数超细元素碳源自汽油和柴油，而机油的贡献相对较小。同样，高速公路环境中的大多数超细有机碳预计来自汽油和柴油，其中少量归因于机油。美国国家标准学会（NIST）在汽油车辆废气和环境颗粒物标准中确定了一组分子量大于302道尔顿的大型PAH。这些化合物可以进一步帮助区分柴油和汽油在环境空气中细颗粒和超细颗粒物中的贡献。

著录项

  • 作者

    Riddle, Sarah Gladys.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 学科 Chemistry, Analytical.; Environmental Sciences.; Engineering, Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 146 p.
  • 总页数 146
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 化学;环境科学基础理论;环境污染及其防治;
  • 关键词

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