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Etienne Bonnot de Condillac and the practice of Enlightenment philosophy.

机译：Etienne Bonnot de Condillac和启蒙哲学的实践。

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摘要

The French Enlightenment represents a unique episode in the history of post-classical philosophy: a moment, poised between the decline of the medieval university and the rise of the modern academic philosophy department, when philosophical knowledge was produced largely outside specialized and learned intellectual communities. Throughout this period, savants began to seek out audiences beyond the scholarly correspondence networks and societies established in the previous century, tailoring their publications for a general reading public and working to establish themselves within the glittering aristocratic world of the Parisian salons. This dissertation examines how these developments transformed the practice of philosophy as a scholarly enterprise.; I explore this general theme through a case study, focusing on the career of the Parisian metaphysician and pedagogue Etienne Bonnot de Condillac (1714-1780). Like so many of his contemporaries, Condillac sought to bring the fruits of his learning to salon sophisticates and the general public, but he also continued to adhere to an older model of philosophy as a technical, scholarly enterprise, demanding a certain amount of expertise. These two ambitions proved difficult to reconcile, and Condillac's publications sometimes provoked harsh criticism from his contemporaries. Throughout his life, therefore, Condillac struggled to adapt to the demands placed upon him by his audiences, while simultaneously seeking to devise ways of training them to become more learned readers of philosophy.; Studying these interactions between Condillac and his readers allows me to explore two broader issues. On the one hand, I analyze how the experience of writing philosophy outside of learned communities transformed the cultural identity of the philosopher during this period. In particular, I look at shifting assumptions about the proper scope of philosophy and about the nature and value of philosophical expertise. At the same time, I also examine how these developments shaped eighteenth-century philosophical practices: that is, the scholarly activities central to the philosopher's craft. In particular, I focus on techniques for reading and evaluating texts, taking notes, acquiring knowledge, engaging in disputes, cultivating audiences, crafting written expositions, building theories, and teaching concepts and techniques to others. Historians of philosophy rarely pay much attention to these kinds of practices, but they also have a history, and they often shape the production of philosophical knowledge in profound ways. By focusing on collective identities and practices, rather than on the ideas and doctrines of individuals, this dissertation offers a new kind of cultural approach to the history of Enlightenment philosophy, modeled on the history of science.; Each chapter begins with one of Condillac's own practices or texts, or with a controversy in which he was involved, and then builds outwards, reconstructing its place within a larger community of philosophers and readers. Chapters 1 and 2 consider the highly publicized plagiarism dispute that erupted over Condillac's Traite des sensations in 1754, using this episode to explore the shifting cultural identity of the philosopher at mid-century. Chapter 3 focuses on the 1749 Traite des systemes , and analyzes Condillac's efforts to train lay readers in the art of reading and evaluating philosophical texts. Chapter 4 looks at the pedagogical and writerly strategies employed by Condillac and other eighteenth-century scholars in an effort to manage the reception of their works and considers the epistemological effects of these practices on philosophical theories. Chapter 5 explores the encyclopedic ambitions of eighteenth-century philosopher, and describes some of the shared tools that they developed to facilitate their efforts to theorize about every branch of knowledge.
机译：法国启蒙运动代表着后古典哲学史上的独特事件：在中世纪大学的衰落与现代学术哲学系的崛起之间的时刻，哲学知识主要是在专门知识渊博的学术界之外产生的。在此期间，专家们开始在上世纪建立的学术通信网络和社团之外寻找受众，为大众读者量身定制出版物，并努力在闪闪发光的巴黎沙龙贵族世界中立足。本文研究了这些发展如何改变了作为学术企业的哲学实践。我将通过一个案例研究来探讨这个总体主题，重点研究巴黎形而上学和教育家艾蒂安·邦诺·德·康迪拉克（Etienne Bonnot de Condillac）（1714-1780）的职业。像他的许多同时代人一样，康迪拉克（Condillac）试图将自己的学习成果带给沙龙专家和普通大众，但他仍然坚持作为技术性，学术型企业的旧哲学模型，需要一定的专业知识。事实证明，这两个野心难以调和，康迪拉克的出版物有时引起他同时代人的严厉批评。因此，康迪拉克一生都在努力适应听众对他的要求，同时设法设计训练他们成为知识渊博的哲学家的方法。研究孔迪拉克和他的读者之间的这些相互作用，使我能够探索两个更广泛的问题。一方面，我分析了在这一时期，在学术界之外写作哲学的经历如何改变了哲学家的文化身份。我尤其关注关于哲学的适当范围以及哲学专业知识的性质和价值的不断变化的假设。同时，我还研究了这些发展如何塑造了18世纪的哲学实践：即，对哲学家的工艺至关重要的学术活动。特别是，我专注于阅读和评估文本，做笔记，获取知识，进行纠纷，培养听众，撰写书面展览会，建立理论以及向他人教授概念和技术的技术。哲学史学家很少关注这类实践，但是他们也有历史，并且经常以深刻的方式影响着哲学知识的产生。通过关注集体身份和实践，而不是个人的思想和学说，本文以科学史为模型，为启蒙哲学史提供了一种新型的文化方法。每章都以康迪拉克自己的实践或著作之一开始，或以他所参与的争议为开端，然后逐渐扩展，在更大范围的哲学家和读者社区中重新确立了自己的位置。第1章和第2章考虑了1754年因康迪拉克的特赖特感引起的广为报道的窃之争，并以此为契机探讨了中世纪哲学家的文化身份的转变。第3章着重介绍1749年的《系统论》，并分析了孔迪拉克在培训非专业读者阅读和评价哲学文本的艺术方面所做的努力。第四章探讨了孔迪拉克和其他18世纪学者为管理作品接受所采取的教学和写作策略，并考虑了这些实践对哲学理论的认识论影响。第5章探讨了18世纪哲学家的百科全书抱负，并描述了他们开发的一些共享工具，以促进他们对知识的各个分支进行理论化的努力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Schwegman, Jeffrey.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Biography.; History European.; Philosophy.; History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 301 p.
  • 总页数 301
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 传记;欧洲史;哲学理论;自然科学史;
  • 关键词

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