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The integration of cumulative environmental impact assessments and state environmental review frameworks.

机译：整合累积环境影响评估和州环境评估框架。

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Cumulative impact assessment (CIA) is the process of assessing a proposed action's cumulative environmental effects in the context of other past, present, and future actions, regardless of who undertakes such other actions (CEQ, 1978). The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is generally acknowledged as the first legislative impetus behind CIA. It established a framework under which federal agencies are required to consider project-specific and cumulative environmental impacts of proposed projects prior to their undertaking. NEPA applies to federal actions, but many projects occur as a result of non-federal actions and are subject to formal environmental review administered by state governments. In contrast to the rich literature on federal efforts, little is known about state environmental review and CIA policies and practices.; Through a review of state environmental laws, rules and agency-prepared materials, this dissertation identifies 37 states with formal environmental review processes. It further describes the landscape of state efforts, and establishes and applies a two-tier framework to characterize state policies and procedures. A national mail survey of state environmental review program administrators was then conducted. Twenty-nine programs across the country were identified with CIA requirements. More than half of these programs have adopted various documentations, scales, baselines, criteria, methods, and coordination practices for assessing cumulative impacts. The findings further suggest that a program with comprehensive and consistent environmental review policies and procedures does not necessarily imply extensive CIA requirements and practices.; In addition, this dissertation discusses the barriers to and opportunities for effective CIA. Program administrators across the country are facing similar challenges regarding the inability of existing state environmental review frameworks to favorably structure CIA implementation and the technical difficulties associated with conducting CIA. Ideas were proposed for overcoming CIA barriers, including developing explicit procedural guidelines and increasing collaboration among government agencies. However, regardless the nature and characteristics of their programs, the administrators generally feel unsuccessful improving CIA practices. Finally, this dissertation discusses the policy implications for assessing cumulative impacts within the context of state environmental review. It also suggests that future research is needed for exploring alternative frameworks under which cumulative impacts may be more effectively analyzed.
机译：累积影响评估（CIA）是在其他过去，现在和将来的行动中评估提议的行动对环境的累积影响的过程，而不论谁采取了其他行动（CEQ，1978）。人们普遍认为，《国家环境政策法》（NEPA）是中央情报局之后的第一个立法动力。它建立了一个框架，在该框架下，要求联邦机构在提议的项目进行之前考虑项目的特定项目和累积环境影响。 NEPA适用于联邦行动，但是许多项目是由于非联邦行动而产生的，并且需要接受州政府进行的正式环境审查。与有关联邦努力的丰富文献相反，对州环境审查以及中央情报局的政策和做法知之甚少。通过对州环境法律，法规和机构准备材料的审查，本文确定了37个具有正式环境审查程序的州。它进一步描述了国家努力的前景，并建立并应用了两层框架来表征国家政策和程序。然后进行了一次对州环境评估计划管理员的全国邮件调查。确定了符合中央情报局要求的全国29个计划。这些计划中有一半以上采用了各种文档，量表，基准，标准，方法和协调实践来评估累积影响。调查结果进一步表明，具有全面，一致的环境审查政策和程序的计划并不一定意味着中情局的广泛要求和做法。此外，本文还讨论了有效CIA的障碍和机遇。全国各地的计划管理者都面临着类似的挑战，因为现有的州环境审查框架无法良好地组织中央情报局的实施，以及与执行中央情报局有关的技术难题。提出了克服CIA障碍的想法，包括制定明确的程序指南和加强政府机构之间的合作。但是，无论程序的性质和特征如何，管理员通常都无法改善CIA的做法。最后，本文讨论了在国家环境评估背景下评估累积影响的政策含义。它还建议需要进行进一步的研究，以探索可更有效地分析累积影响的替代框架。

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