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首页> 外文学位 >Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment using Inorganic Salts and Simple Organic Acids, Cellobiase Encapsulation in Mesoporous Silica, and Organo-Silica Hybrid Polymers.
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Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment using Inorganic Salts and Simple Organic Acids, Cellobiase Encapsulation in Mesoporous Silica, and Organo-Silica Hybrid Polymers.

机译：木质纤维素生物质预处理，使用无机盐和简单有机酸，纤维二糖酶在中孔二氧化硅中的包封以及有机硅混合聚合物。

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摘要

Alternative forms of green energy are becoming increasingly necessary as our supplies of fossil fuels begin to dwindle. As a result, research in green fuel technologies is becoming a necessity. One such green fuel is bio-ethanol that is used by degrading plant cellulose to generate fermentable sugars. A major drawback of this method is the fact that it is currently expensive and inefficient. The goal of this research was to find a viable path for making bio-ethanol a feasible alternative to petroleum based fuels.;This research describes several processes for both increasing glucose yield of plant based cellulose hydrolysis, as well as reusing one of the more costly items in biomass hydrolysis, the enzyme. The first process for increasing glucose yield was through the pretreatment of raw plant matter. The plant matter was treated in refluxing solutions of 2.5% (w/v) FeCl3, or 2.5% oxalic acid with 0.5 M NaOH (the two methods that yielded the best results). Each of these methods effectively broke down the plant matter's protective lignin, exposing cellulose for enzymatic hydrolysis. Both methods significantly improved glucose yield, with the FeCl3 approach increasing yield by as much as 300%, and the oxalic acid method improving yields by as much as 450%.;In order to reuse the cellulytic enzyme, cellobiase was encapsulated in mesoporous silica, using a fructose template to generate the pores. When using 50 or 70% fructose template, the cellobiase enzyme could be reused at least ten times (perhaps more) with out loosing enzymatic activity. This method of enzyme reuse could be an effective way to help cut costs, by minimizing the amount of expensive enzyme used.;Additionally, this dissertation delves into a method for generating organosilane hybrid materials. These materials are important because they have the potential to retain the heat resistance of silane materials, while including the functionality of organic polymers. The materials made in this research include curcumin and syringaldazine as organic blocks, synthesized with silane reagents. The curcumin-silane hybrids demonstrated a moderate amount of biological activity when human myoblasts were grown on polymeric films. The syringaldazine-silane hybrids expressed the ability to be used as means of detecting chlorine gas.
机译：随着我们化石燃料供应的减少，绿色能源的替代形式变得越来越必要。结果，对绿色燃料技术的研究正变得必要。一种这样的绿色燃料是生物乙醇，其通过降解植物纤维素来产生可发酵的糖而使用。该方法的主要缺点是目前昂贵且效率低下的事实。这项研究的目的是找到一条可行的途径，使生物乙醇成为石油基燃料的可行替代品。这项研究描述了几种方法，既可以提高植物纤维素水解的葡萄糖产量，又可以重复使用成本更高的一种方法在生物质水解项目中，酶。提高葡萄糖产量的第一个过程是通过植物原料的预处理。将植物物质在2.5％（w / v）FeCl3或2.5％草酸与0.5 M NaOH的回流溶液中处理（两种方法均获得最佳结果）。这些方法中的每一种都有效地破坏了植物的保护性木质素，使纤维素暴露于酶促水解状态。两种方法均显着提高了葡萄糖产率，其中FeCl3方法将产率提高了300％，草酸法将产率提高了450％。为了重复使用纤维素分解酶，将纤维二糖酶包封在中孔二氧化硅中，使用果糖模板生成毛孔。当使用50％或70％的果糖模板时，纤维二糖酶可以重复使用至少十次（也许更多），而不会失去酶活性。这种酶的再利用方法可能是通过减少使用的昂贵酶的量来帮助降低成本的有效方法。此外，本论文还研究了一种产生有机硅烷杂化材料的方法。这些材料之所以重要，是因为它们具有保留硅烷材料的耐热性的潜力，同时还包括有机聚合物的功能性。这项研究生产的材料包括姜黄素和丁香嗪作为有机嵌段，是用硅烷试剂合成的。当人成肌细胞在聚合物膜上生长时，姜黄素-硅烷杂化物表现出适度的生物学活性。丁香醛嗪-硅烷杂化物表现出可用作检测氯气的手段的能力。

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  • 作者

    Berke-Schlessel, David.;

  • 作者单位

    Drexel University.;

  • 授予单位 Drexel University.;
  • 学科 Chemistry Polymer.;Chemistry Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 234 p.
  • 总页数 234
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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