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Theoretical and experimental investigations of the elastic properties of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer thin films.

机译：碳纳米管增强聚合物薄膜的弹性特性的理论和实验研究。

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摘要

Nanocomposites are a promising new class of materials for the mechanical components of microstructures such as microactuators and microresonators. This work presents a combination of theoretical and experimental investigations of the utility of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites for designing microstructures. In the theoretical part of this research, the effects of nanotube aspect ratio, dispersion, alignment, and volume fraction on the elastic modulus and longitudinal wave velocity are analyzed by recourse to the Mori-Tanaka theory. The calculated bounds on Young's modulus and wave velocity capture the trend of the experimental results reported in the literature. Polymer-matrix nanocomposites reinforced with aligned, dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes are identified as excellent candidates for small structures with properties rivaling those of metallic- and ceramic-structures used in the current generation of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The experimental part of this research focuses on the manufacture and characterization of carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer thin films. A novel nanoindenter-based bending test is developed for characterizing the elastic properties of nanocomposite thin films. This technique is first numerically verified using finite element methods. Polymer thin films with known mechanical properties are then utilized to validate the technique experimentally. Next, epoxy-matrix and vinyl ester epoxy-matrix nanocomposite films (ranging from 50 to 70 μm in thickness) reinforced with low concentrations (<1% by weight) of single-walled carbon nanotubes are successfully manufactured and characterized. Finally, using carbon nanotube sheets (buckypaper), polymer-matrix nanocomposite films with high volume fractions of carbon nanotubes (30-40%) are manufactured by using two different techniques: vacuum infiltration and hot press. This relatively high content of carbon nanotubes results in a three- to four-fold increase in the elasticity of nanocomposites with respect to that of the pure polymer. A qualitative comparison between the state-of-the-art nanocomposite manufacturing technology and the predicted upper hound theoretical results highlights the enormous improvements needed in materials processing and micromachining to harness the full potential of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites for microstructure applications.
机译：纳米复合材料是一种有前途的新型材料，可用于微结构的机械组件，如微致动器和微谐振器。这项工作提出了理论和实验研究相结合的碳纳米管增强复合材料设计微观结构的实用程序。在这项研究的理论部分中，借助于Mori-Tanaka理论，分析了纳米管长径比，分散度，排列和体积分数对弹性模量和纵波速度的影响。杨氏模量和波速的计算边界捕捉了文献报道的实验结果的趋势。排列有方向的，分散的单壁碳纳米管增强的聚合物基纳米复合材料被认为是小结构的优良候选材料，其性能可与当前微机电系统（MEMS）中使用的金属和陶瓷结构相媲美。本研究的实验部分集中于碳纳米管增强的聚合物薄膜的制造和表征。开发了一种新颖的基于纳米压痕的弯曲试验，以表征纳米复合薄膜的弹性。首先使用有限元方法对该技术进行了数值验证。然后利用具有已知机械性能的聚合物薄膜通过实验验证该技术。接下来，成功制造并表征了低浓度（<1％重量）单壁碳纳米管增强的环氧基质和乙烯基酯环氧基质纳米复合膜（厚度为50至70μm）。最后，使用碳纳米管片（巴基纸），通过使用两种不同的技术制造具有高碳纳米管体积分数（30-40％）的聚合物基纳米复合膜：真空渗透和热压。碳纳米管的这种相对较高的含量导致纳米复合材料的弹性相对于纯聚合物的弹性增加三至四倍。在最先进的纳米复合材料制造技术与预测的上层猎犬理论结果之间进行的定性比较，凸显了材料加工和微加工方面的巨大改进，以充分利用碳纳米管增强复合材料在微结构应用中的全部潜力。

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  • 作者

    Ashrafi, Behnam.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.;Engineering Materials Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 129 p.
  • 总页数 129
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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