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PaLATE user guide, example exercise, and contextual discussion.

机译：PaLATE用户指南，示例练习和上下文讨论。

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摘要

Pavement Life-cycle Assessment Tool for Environmental and Economic Effects (PaLATE) is one of four pavement construction LCA models and the only belonging to the United States. Serving as a user guide to PaLATE (chapter 2), this document also develops an exercise/case study (chapter 3) that illustrates the utility of the tool and can act as a coursework supplement. Contexts are drawn for the tool (chapter 4) as they relate to pavement construction LCA models and sustainability, recycling, environment, and economics in the transportation community.;PaLATE performs environmental analysis according to the life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and economic analysis according to the life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) methodology for highway pavement construction projects at the project level. As an LCA tool, PaLATE exhibits integrated, hybrid, streamlined qualities. PaLATE, like other LCA road construction models, can be utilized as part of the decision-making tool box to meet demands for more sustainable investments in transportation infrastructure. At the same, each of these tools exists in the research phase. Perspectives supported by tool analysis relate to the diversity of relevant stakeholders that include civil and highway engineers, transportation planners, politicians, material scientists, material manufacturers, environmentalists, recycling experts, and academics. Implemented in Microsoft RTM Excel, users can vary their analysis for a pavement section to account for a number of primary and secondary pavement construction materials and related processes; pavement construction processes evaluated independent of material type, generally common between highway pavement projects; the initial construction and/or maintenance pavement life-cycle stages; pavement construction material/process life-cycle stages; pavement structure layer; and the "calculation components" utilized, where calculation components is a term specific to this thesis.;Lacking an adequate user guide at this stage in its research development, PaLATE is incomprehensible. This document breaks PaLATE into calculation components that make the tool transparent. Calculation components are combined by the tool in a number of ways to execute calculations. Component categories include: user inputs (i.e. material volumes, etc.), user selections (i.e. transport mode, equipment models, etc.), default data housed in PaLATE from a number of sources (i.e. EPA emission factors, material densities, equipment, etc.), embedded calculations drawing on a number of analytical methodologies (i.e. EIO-LCA, equipment productivity, engine capacity, fuel consumption, etc.), and outputs (i.e. environmental--emissions, ground contamination, human health, etc., economic--net present value, annualized cost, etc.). The combination of calculation components for each disaggregate calculation are documented in tables. The MicrosoftRTM Excel worksheets connected to each calculation component are cited in the calculation component combination tables such that users "see" tool connectivity and know the location of assumptions, limitations, and more information related to each calculation component. The user guide portion of the document also features a number of flow charts related to LCA oriented boundary definitions, PaLATE disaggregate calculations, their distribution over material production, material transport, processes, and disposal material/process life-cycle stages, connectivity of user inputs to outputs, etc. Included is a completed exercise which serves several functions. Indirectly, this chapter acts as a case study which compares the use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and virgin materials in a new asphalt pavement section, where outputs demonstrate PaLATE's utility. Throughout, the necessary user thought processes are documented for prospective users, demonstrating how to use PaLATE and the user guide portions of this document. Academics are encouraged to use the material as a course supplement. Finally, progress reports and discussions for the future relate to LCA road construction models and concepts incorporated in PaLATE such as economics and LCCA, environment, recycling, and sustainability as they relate to the domestic and international transportation communities.
机译：用于环境和经济影响的路面生命周期评估工具（PaLATE）是四个路面建设LCA模型之一，并且仅属于美国。作为Palate的用户指南（第2章），本文档还开发了练习/案例研究（第3章），该练习说明了该工具的实用性并可作为课程的补充。为该工具绘制了上下文（第4章），因为它们与路面构造LCA模型以及交通运输社区的可持续性，循环利用，环境和经济学有关。; PaLATE根据生命周期评估（LCA）方法和经济性进行环境分析根据项目生命周期成本分析（LCCA）方法进行公路路面建设项目分析。作为LCA工具，PaLATE具有集成，混合，简化的质量。与其他LCA道路建设模型一样，PaLATE可以用作决策工具箱的一部分，以满足对交通基础设施更可持续投资的需求。同时，每种工具都处于研究阶段。工具分析支持的观点涉及相关利益相关者的多样性，这些利益相关者包括土木和公路工程师，运输计划人员，政客，材料科学家，材料制造商，环保主义者，回收专家和学者。在Microsoft RTM Excel中实施后，用户可以更改其对人行道部分的分析，以说明许多主要和次要人行道建筑材料以及相关过程；评估的道路施工过程不受材料类型的影响，通常在高速公路路面项目之间通用；初始施工和/或维护路面生命周期阶段；路面施工材料/过程生命周期阶段；路面结构层； ；以及使用的“计算组件”，其中计算组件是本论文特有的术语。；在研究阶段的现阶段缺乏足够的用户指南，PaLATE令人难以理解。本文档将PaLATE分为使该工具透明的计算组件。该工具通过多种方式组合计算组件以执行计算。组件类别包括：用户输入（例如，物料量等），用户选择（例如，运输方式，设备型号等），PaLATE中来自多种来源的默认数据（例如，EPA排放因子，材料密度，设备，等），基于许多分析方法（即EIO-LCA，设备生产率，发动机容量，燃料消耗等）和输出（即环境排放，地面污染，人类健康等）的嵌入式计算，经济-净现值，年化成本等）。表格中记录了每个分类计算的计算组件组合。在计算组件组合表中引用了连接到每个计算组件的MicrosoftRTM Excel工作表，以便用户“查看”工具的连通性，并了解假设，限制的位置以及与每个计算组件有关的更多信息。该文档的用户指南部分还具有许多流程图，这些流程图与面向LCA的边界定义，PaLATE分解计算，它们在物料生产，物料运输，过程以及处置物料/过程生命周期阶段的分布，用户输入的连通性有关。到输出等。其中包括一个完成的练习，它具有多种功能。本章间接地作为案例研究，比较了在新的沥青路面部分中再生沥青路面（RAP）和原始材料的使用，其中输出证明了PALATE的效用。整个过程中，为潜在用户记录了必要的用户思考过程，演示了如何使用PaLATE和本文档的用户指南部分。鼓励学者使用该材料作为课程的补充。最后，关于未来的进度报告和讨论涉及Palate中纳入的LCA道路建设模型和概念，例如与国内和国际运输界有关的经济和LCCA，环境，回收和可持续性。

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