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The role Christian Councils have played in peacemaking in Kenya and South Africa: 1990--2000.

机译：基督教理事会在肯尼亚和南非的建立和平中发挥的作用：1990--2000年。

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摘要

This dissertation describes the role two Councils of Churches in Africa: National Council of Churches of Kenya and the South African Council of Churches played over a ten years period (1990-2000) in the first two elections after major political changes---Kenya from one party to multiparty (1992 and 1997) and South Africa from racial to multiracial (1994 and 1999) so that the democratic processes will not be jeopardized due elections related violence. Furthermore, in the case of Kenya NCCK's conflict prevention strategy to avoid relapse in the Rift valley conflict. To investigate this, I developed a frame work with three independent variables which looked into the strength and coherence of Council leadership, degree of commitment of the Council to reconciliation and peace making, and level of trust by communities and parties to the conflict. After reviewing related literature, I conducted field research in Kenya and South Africa. It became clear from the findings that fundamental Christian principles such as "blessed are peacemakers" and the philosophy of their role model Jesus Christ who discouraged and condemn violence shaped their commitment for nonviolence, while the concept of "come let us reason together" which is founded in the scripture influenced their commitment to democratic process and dialogue. Thus, both Councils developed educational materials and run program on democracy and good governance, accompanied the electorate and political parties. These educational programs enlightened and empowered the electorate to use their democratic rights to put in place a government of their choice and vote for candidates who can deliver on democratic principles and committed to serve beyond dividing lines such as ethnicity and religion. Furthermore, they created space and opportunities for opposition political parties and divided communities to openly discuss their differences, either reach a consensus or appreciate their difference, encouraged the principle of "unity in diversity." Their presence and network from national capital to remote villages enabled them to win community confidence, opposition political parties, and even lately incumbent governments. Both Councils benefited from visionary and talented leaders who consistently sent similar messages and remained focused in spite of internal and external threats. Thus the two Councils demonstrated their competence in building reconciled communities as they built bridges among divided communities and as the second elections became less violent than the first once due to their program on civic and voter educations. Since democracy is an ongoing process they have to build up on lessons learned and continue their program on good governance. Based on experienced gained from NCCK and SACC, other Councils in Africa and beyond should be encouraged to work on building bridges, reconciling communities and building democratic societies as they have resources, talents, and opportunities. However, more research is required to find out to what extent their service rendering institutions, and development and humanitarian programs contribute in triggering conflict.
机译：这篇论文描述了非洲两个教会理事会的作用：肯尼亚的全国教会理事会和南非的教会理事会在重大政治变革后的前两次选举中扮演了十年（1990年至2000年）的角色-来自肯尼亚的肯尼亚一个多党政党（1992年和1997年）以及南非从多种族政党（1994年和1999年）组成，这样民主进程就不会因与选举有关的暴力而受到损害。此外，就肯尼亚NCCK的预防冲突策略而言，避免在裂谷冲突中重演。为了对此进行调查，我制定了一个包含三个独立变量的框架，研究了安理会领导的力量和连贯性，安理会对和解与建立和平的承诺程度以及社区和冲突各方的信任程度。在回顾了相关文献之后，我在肯尼亚和南非进行了实地研究。从调查结果中可以清楚地看出，基督教的基本原则，例如“有福的和平使者”，以及他们的榜样耶稣基督的哲学，他们劝阻和谴责暴力，塑造了他们对非暴力的承诺，而“来吧，让我们一起思考”的概念是建立在圣经上的人影响了他们对民主进程和对话的承诺。因此，两个理事会都在选民和政党的陪同下编写了有关民主和善政的教育材料并制定了方案。这些教育计划启发和赋权了选民利用其民主权利建立他们所选择的政府，并投票支持那些能够奉行民主原则并致力于超越种族和宗教等界限的候选人。此外，他们为反对派政党和分裂的社区创造了空间和机会，可以公开讨论他们的分歧，达成共识或赞赏他们的分歧，并鼓励“多样性统一”原则。他们的存在和从国家首都到偏远村庄的网络使他们赢得了社区的信任，反对派政党，甚至最近的现任政府。这两个理事会都得益于有远见和才华横溢的领导人，他们不断发出类似的信息，尽管受到内部和外部威胁，但仍保持专注。因此，这两个理事会在建立分裂社区之间的桥梁时展示了其建设和解社区的能力，并且由于其关于公民和选民教育的计划，第二次选举的暴力程度低于第一次选举。由于民主是一个持续的过程，因此他们必须汲取教训，并继续执行善政计划。根据从NCCK和SACC获得的经验，应鼓励非洲及其他地区的其他理事会在拥有资源，人才和机会的情况下，建立桥梁，和解和建立民主社会。但是，需要进行更多的研究，以查明其提供服务的机构以及发展和人道主义方案在多大程度上触发了冲突。

著录项

  • 作者

    Abebe, Lulsegged A.;

  • 作者单位

    George Mason University.;

  • 授予单位 George Mason University.;
  • 学科 Political science.;African history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 329 p.
  • 总页数 329
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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