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Quantitative thermal infrared analyses of volcanic processes and products: Application to Bezymianny Volcano, Russia.

机译:火山过程和产品的定量热红外分析:在俄罗斯Bezymianny火山中的应用。

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摘要

Bezymianny (55.98°N, 160.59°E) is a Holocene andesitic composite volcano with a summit elevation of approximately 2,900 m and is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, eastern Russia. Previously inactive for about 1,000 years, Bezymianny reactivated in 1955, culminating in a cataclysmic eruption on 30 March 1956. This directed blast generated a 1.3 km (north--south) by 2.8 km (east--west) horseshoe shaped crater opening to the east, similar in morphology and activity to Mt. St. Helens (USA). During the last 30 years Bezymianny has been regularly active, erupting one to two times per year on average. This work focuses on field-based and remote sensing observations of explosive eruptions and their products at Bezymianny, concentrating on the pyroclastic flow (PF) deposits on the southeast flank. The events of March 2000, January 2005, December 2006, May 2007 and October 2007 were focused on to elucidate information on the pyroclastic flow (PF) deposits that were emplaced. Two principal themes were addressed: (1) A thermal infrared (TIR) investigation of the eruptive events and products. This encompassed ground-based field work, Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) image data, and spaceborne data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). (2) A micrometer-scale textural investigation of vesicular block and ash samples collected in the field on the pyroclastic flow deposits. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images were used to generate micron-scale digital elevation models (DEM) for the surfaces of each volcanic sample collected. These were compared to TIR emission spectra that were deconvolved to estimate surface vesicularity. This work demonstrates the utility of TIR observations from satellite, aerial, and ground-based data that, in combination with standard geological mapping, provide timely, accurate, and quantitative remote sensing data to assist in the prediction and monitoring of explosive volcanoes.
机译:Bezymianny(55.98°N,160.59°EE)是全新世的安第斯山脉复合火山,山顶标高约为2900 m,位于俄罗斯东部的堪察加半岛。 Bezymianny以前不活跃约1000年,于1955年恢复活动,最终于1956年3月30日发生大爆发。这次定向爆炸向马萨诸塞州的马口形坑口开出了1.3公里(北-南)乘2.8 km(东-西)的火山口。东部,在形态和活动上与山相似。圣海伦斯(美国)。在过去的30年中,Bezymianny经常活动,平均每年爆发一到两次。这项工作的重点是对Bezymianny的爆炸爆发及其产物进行实地和遥感观测,重点研究东南侧面的火山碎屑流(PF)沉积物。 2000年3月,2005年1月,2006年12月,2007年5月和2007年10月的事件着重于阐明有关已放置的火山碎屑流(PF)沉积物的信息。讨论了两个主要主题:(1)对爆发事件和产物的热红外(TIR)研究。其中包括基于地面的野外工作,前视红外辐射仪(FLIR)图像数据以及来自先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪(ASTER)的星载数据。 (2)在火成碎屑流沉积物的田间收集到的水泡块和灰分样品的微米级纹理研究。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像用于为收集的每个火山岩样品的表面生成微米级的数字高程模型(DEM)。将这些与TIR发射光谱进行比较,然后将其解卷积以估计表面囊泡度。这项工作证明了从卫星,空中和地面数据中进行TIR观测的实用性,结合标准的地质制图,可以提供及时,准确和定量的遥感数据,以帮助预测和监测爆炸性火山。

著录项

  • 作者

    Carter, Adam Joseph.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pittsburgh.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pittsburgh.;
  • 学科 Geology.;Remote Sensing.;Geotechnology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 195 p.
  • 总页数 195
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地质学;地质学;遥感技术;
  • 关键词

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