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首页> 外文学位 >Land use and land cover change: The effects of woody plant encroachment and prescribed fire on biodiversity and ecosystem carbon dynamics in a southern Great Plains mixed grass savanna.
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Land use and land cover change: The effects of woody plant encroachment and prescribed fire on biodiversity and ecosystem carbon dynamics in a southern Great Plains mixed grass savanna.

机译：土地利用和土地覆盖的变化：木本植物的侵占和规定的火灾对南部大平原混合草大草原的生物多样性和生态系统碳动态的影响。

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In the southern Great Plains, the encroachment of grassland ecosystems by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), is widespread, and prescribed fire is commonly used in its control. Despite this, substantial quantitative information concerning their influences on the community composition, functional dynamics, and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage potential of grassland ecosystems is lacking. The objectives of this study were to: (a) quantify the effects of seasonal prescribed fire treatments and mesquite encroachment on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and herbaceous community composition; (b) characterize SOC pool sizes, turnover, and storage potential relative to vegetation type and fire treatment; (c) evaluate the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities relative to vegetation type; and (d) characterize the functional diversity of these same microbes using the GeoChip functional gene microarray.;Repeated winter and summer fires led to increased ANPP rates (average, 434 and 313 g m-2 y-1, respectively), relative to unburned controls (average, 238 g m-2 y-1), altered herbaceous community composition, and increased the storage of resistant forms of SOC, but did not affect overall SOC storage. Herbaceous ANPP rates did not differ significantly as a result of mesquite encroachment, but herbaceous community composition and SOC storage did. Mesquite soils contained significantly more total, slow-turnover, and resistant forms of SOC than those that occurred beneath C3 or C4 grasses. Similarity among the soil bacterial and fungal communities associated with the major vegetation types in this system was low to moderate. Significant differences were detected among soil fungi, with the mesquite-associated fungi harboring significant differences in community structure relative to the fungal communities associated with each of the other vegetation types examined. Despite this result, few significant differences were detected with respect to the functional diversity of these communities, suggesting either a high degree of functional redundancy, or that the functional differences harbored by these communities are beyond the scope of the GeoChip. The results of this study demonstrate that both fire and mesquite encroachment have the potential to alter ecosystem components and processes significantly, providing new insight regarding the effects of these widespread land use and land cover changes on ecosystem structure and function.
机译：在大平原南部，豆科灌木（Prosopis glandulosa）对草原生态系统的侵害十分普遍，通常使用明火来控制草原。尽管如此，关于它们对草地生态系统的群落组成，功能动力学和土壤有机碳（SOC）存储潜力的影响的大量定量信息仍然缺乏。这项研究的目的是：（a）量化季节性明火处理和豆科灌木种植对地面净初级生产力（ANPP）和草本群落组成的影响； （b）表征与植被类型和火灾处理有关的SOC池大小，周转率和存储潜力； （c）评估土壤微生物群落相对于植被类型的结构和多样性； （d）使用GeoChip功能基因微阵列表征这些微生物的功能多样性。相对于未燃烧，冬季和夏季多次大火导致ANPP发生率增加（分别为434和313 g m-2 y-1）。对照（平均238 g m-2 y-1），改变了草本植物群落组成，并增加了抗性SOC的储存量，但并未影响整体SOC的储存量。豆科灌木丛侵占的结果，草本ANPP率没有显着差异，但草本群落组成和SOC储存却不同。与发生在C3或C4草下面的土壤相比，豆科灌木土壤的SOC总量大，周转慢和抗性强。在该系统中，与主要植被类型相关的土壤细菌和真菌群落之间的相似性低至中等。在土壤真菌之间检测到显着差异，与豆科灌木相关的真菌相比，与其他每种植被类型相关的真菌群落，其群落结构均存在显着差异。尽管取得了这一结果，但在这些社区的功能多样性方面几乎没有发现显着差异，这表明要么功能高度冗余，要么这些社区所具有的功能差异超出了GeoChip的范围。这项研究的结果表明，火灾和豆科灌木林入侵都可能极大地改变生态系统的组成和过程，从而提供有关这些广泛土地利用和土地覆盖变化对生态系统结构和功能的影响的新见解。

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