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首页> 外文学位 >Thinking can be dangerous: How increased cognitive deliberation about political candidates impedes political decision making.
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Thinking can be dangerous: How increased cognitive deliberation about political candidates impedes political decision making.

机译：思考可能很危险：对政治候选人的认知思考增加如何阻碍政治决策。

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摘要

Recent empirical evidence suggests that unconscious thinking, or the problem-solving that occurs when a person's conscious attention is directed at some other task, improves the quality of decisions that people make. This finding has very exciting implications of political decision making, as most people are generally uninterested in politics. As such, by learning to harness the power of unconscious thought processes, people may be able to increase the accuracy of their political decisions without necessarily increasing the effort that they consciously expend during the decision making process.;To examine the effectiveness of unconscious thinking for political decision making, an experimental paradigm was adapted from the decision making process examined in the existing literature to ensure that the two processes were theoretically equivalent. More specifically, across five experiments, participants first learned the political preferences of several candidates vying for office, and then were randomly assigned to think about the information they learned consciously, unconsciously or not at all. After thinking, participants decided which candidate they would vote for. Participants voted for the correct candidate if they chose the most ideologically proximate candidate.;The effectiveness of these differential styles of thinking was highly inconsistent across the five studies. In the first study, strong support was found for the beneficial effect of unconscious thinking on correct voting. This effect, however did not replicate in the subsequent studies. More specifically, in some studies, unconscious thinking seemed to be weakly preferable to conscious thinking while in others conscious thinking was more effective. Thus, it is not possible to conclude that the either conscious or unconscious thinking was a more effective style of thinking. The implications of the results and possible reasons for the null effects are discussed.
机译：最近的经验证据表明，无意识的思考或当一个人的有意识的注意力指向其他任务时出现的解决问题的方法，可以提高人们做出决策的质量。这一发现对政治决策具有非常令人兴奋的影响，因为大多数人通常对政治不感兴趣。因此，通过学习利用潜意识过程的力量，人们可以提高政治决策的准确性，而不必增加决策过程中有意识地付出的努力。政治决策方面，根据现有文献中研究的决策过程改编了实验范式，以确保这两个过程在理论上是等效的。更具体地说，在五个实验中，参与者首先了解了几位竞相竞选的候选人的政治偏好，然后被随机分配以考虑他们有意识，无意识或根本没有学到的信息。经过思考，参与者决定了要投票给哪个候选人。如果参与者选择意识形态上最接近的候选人，他们将投票选出正确的候选人。这些差异化思维方式的有效性在五项研究中高度不一致。在第一项研究中，发现无意识思考对正确投票的有益影响得到了强有力的支持。但是，这种效果在随后的研究中没有得到重复。更具体地说，在某些研究中，无意识思维似乎比有意识思维弱一些，而在另一些研究中，有意识思维更有效。因此，不可能得出有意识或无意识的思维是更有效的思维方式的结论。讨论了结果的含义以及无效影响的可能原因。

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  • 作者

    Verhulst, Bradley James.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Stony Brook.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Stony Brook.;
  • 学科 Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 97 p.
  • 总页数 97
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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