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首页> 外文学位 >Neighbourhood walkability for older people: A comparative embedded case study examining experiences of walking and socio-political processes in four Ottawa neighbourhoods.
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Neighbourhood walkability for older people: A comparative embedded case study examining experiences of walking and socio-political processes in four Ottawa neighbourhoods.

机译：老年人的社区可步行性：一个嵌入式比较案例研究，研究了渥太华四个社区的步行和社会政治进程的经验。

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摘要

This thesis had four main objectives: 1) to examine older people's walking experiences in the context of their daily lives; 2) to investigate how key informants, at both neighbourhood and municipal levels, describe the socio-political process of creating walkable neighbourhoods; 3) to examine how neighbourhood SES and urban form may inter-relate to affect older people's walking experiences and; 4) to examine differences among neighbourhood key informant perspectives on the socio-political processes that shape the walkability of neighbourhood environments.;Analysis of phase one qualitative data revealed four themes common to older people's walking experiences: 1) multidimensional personal meanings; 2) navigating hostile walking environments; 3) experiencing ambiguity; and 4) getting around. Five dimensions of the socio-political process of creating walkable neighbourhoods were identified in phase two: 1) political context; 2) access channels; 3) resources; 4) actors and; 5) opportunities. These dimensions and their inter-relationships elucidated insights on how neighbourhoods and municipalities interact on walkability issues. Examining the inter-relationship of neighbourhood SES and urban form characteristics on older people's walking experiences in phase three indicated that urban form differences were accentuated positively in higher SES neighbourhoods and negatively in lower SES neighbourhoods. Key informant descriptions of the socio-political processes indicated that differences in these processes can affect neighbourhood capacity to influence decisions at a municipal level. Together, both sets of findings along with quantitative indicator comparisons provided evidence of inequitable walking environments.;This research provides new insights on older people's walking experiences by revealing multi-layered meanings affected by intersecting dimensions of the physical and social environment. The experiences are further understood within a socio-ecologic context. An integration of the study data is presented in a theoretical model, which conceptualizes how dynamic community socio-political structures and processes at the individual, neighbourhood and municipal levels inter-relate to affect the production of neighbourhood walkability. The model also depicts four sets of influences operating at various stages in the cycle of local production, which create different conditions for neighbourhood action and which can lead to inequitable walking conditions.;This study signals the need for a fundamental shift in thinking about walkability. It calls upon us to re-examine the notion of walkability as an array of historically-determined built environment characteristics and to consider how walkability is shaped by dynamic socio-political processes that can be challenged and influenced. This research highlights the need for municipal policies that promote walking as a legitimate form of transportation and that guarantee equitable access for older people. Municipal governments must monitor and address differences in walkability that exist between socially advantaged and disadvantaged neighbourhoods, ensuring that walking improvements in one neighbourhood do not exacerbate walking problems in another. These approaches may help to support independent living, particularly among older people who rely on walking for transportation. Future population health interventions must aim to reduce inequitable walking conditions among socially advantaged and disadvantaged groups, and must do so in a way that harnesses the dynamic properties of municipal systems. (Abstract shortened by UMI.);Objectives were addressed using a comparative embedded case study design. Four neighbourhoods were purposefully selected to vary on SES and urban form. The study was conducted in three phases. During phase one, interviews and focus groups were conducted with older people in order to describe their walking experiences in these four neighbourhoods. In the second phase, these results provided a platform for interviewing key informants about the municipal and neighbourhood-level socio-political processes of creating walkable neighbourhoods. In the third phase, qualitative data from phases one and two, in combination with publicly available quantitative indicators were compared across neighbourhoods using a matrix strategy consisting of SES and urban form axes.
机译：本论文有四个主要目标：1）在老年人的日常生活中考察老年人的步行经历； 2）调查社区和市级的主要线人如何描述创建步行区的社会政治过程； 3）研究邻里的SES和城市形态如何相互影响老年人的步行体验，以及（4）研究影响社区环境可步行性的社会政治过程的主要关键信息提供者观点之间的差异。对第一阶段定性数据的分析揭示了老年人步行体验共有的四个主题：1）多维个人意义； 2）在敌对的步行环境中导航； 3）感到模棱两可；和4）到处走走。在第二阶段中，确定了创建可步行邻里的社会政治过程的五个方面：1）政治背景； 2）访问通道； 3）资源； 4）演员和； 5）机会。这些维度及其相互关系阐明了有关社区和市政当局如何在步行性问题上互动的见解。在第三阶段中，研究社区SES与城市形态特征与老年人的步行经历之间的相互关系表明，在较高的SES社区中，城市形态差异正向着加剧，在较低的SES社区中则呈负向。对社会政治过程的关键信息提供者描述表明，这些过程中的差异会影响邻里影响市政一级决策的能力。总之，这两组发现以及定量指标的比较提供了不平等步行环境的证据。本研究通过揭示受物理和社会环境相交维度影响的多层含义，为老年人的步行体验提供了新的见解。在社会生态环境中可以进一步理解这些经验。在理论模型中对研究数据进行了整合，该模型概念化了个人，社区和市政各级的动态社区社会政治结构和过程如何相互影响，从而影响了社区可步行性的产生。该模型还描述了在本地生产周期的各个阶段运行的四组影响，这些影响为邻里行为创造了不同条件，并可能导致不平等的步行条件。该研究表明，对步行性的思考需要进行根本性的转变。它呼吁我们重新审视步行性的概念，将其视为一系列由历史确定的建筑环境特征，并考虑如何通过可能受到挑战和影响的动态社会政治过程来塑造步行性。这项研究强调了制定市政政策的必要性，这些政策促进步行作为一种合法的交通方式，并确保老年人平等地出入。市政府必须监视和解决在社会上处于有利地位和处境不利的社区之间存在的步行能力差异，以确保一个社区的步行改善不会加剧另一社区的步行问题。这些方法可能有助于支持独立生活，尤其是在那些依靠步行出行的老年人中。未来的人口健康干预措施必须旨在减少社会上处于有利地位和处境不利的群体之间不平等的步行条件，并且必须以一种能够利用市政系统动态特性的方式来做到这一点。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）；目标是使用比较嵌入式案例研究设计解决的。有目的地选择了四个社区，以根据SES和城市形式的不同而不同。该研究分三个阶段进行。在第一阶段，与老年人进行了访谈和焦点小组讨论他们在这四个社区中的步行经历。在第二阶段中，这些结果提供了一个平台，可用于采访有关创建步行型社区的市政和社区级社会政治过程的主要信息提供者。在第三阶段中，使用由SES和城市形态轴组成的矩阵策略，在各个社区之间比较了第一阶段和第二阶段的定性数据，以及可公开获得的定量指标。

著录项

  • 作者

    Grant, Theresa.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Ottawa (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Ottawa (Canada).;
  • 学科 Area Planning and Development.;Health Sciences Public Health.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 359 p.
  • 总页数 359
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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