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首页> 外文学位 >Influence of mosquito larvae on bacterial diversity and abundance, and on the oviposition response of gravid Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
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Influence of mosquito larvae on bacterial diversity and abundance, and on the oviposition response of gravid Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

机译：蚊虫幼虫对细菌多样性和丰度的影响，以及对埃及埃及伊蚊（Diptera：Culicidae）产卵反应的影响。

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摘要

The primary objectives of our study were to determine whether larval Aedes aegypti alter the bacterial community landscape of laboratory microcosms containing white oak (Quercus alba) leaf infusion (OLI) and to evaluate the degree to which a larval-altered bacterial community influences the olfactory/oviposition response of gravid Ae. aegypti . We found that the feeding activity of Aedes aegypti larvae influenced the production dynamics of bacterial food sources. Abundance (cells/ml of infusion) of total bacteria (culturable and unculturable species) declined from 8 to 28 d after addition of larvae while abundances of culturable bacteria were largely unaffected by the presence of larvae over a 32-d period. On average, abundance of culturable bacteria accounted for only 2.5% of the abundance of total bacteria in oak leaf microcosms, which suggests that larvae primarily fed on unculturable bacteria. Bacterial community structure for microcosms with and without larvae was profiled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA fragments from extracted total genomic DNA. Analysis of matrix distance coefficients between DGGE profiles using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling demonstrated a larval effect on the bacterial community structure beginning on days 12 or 16 to the end of the experiment (day 32). Additionally, we discovered that over consecutive days, particularly prominent DGGE bands (= bacterial operational taxonomic units) which had appeared in profiles of larval microcosms, were either absent or found at proportionately lower intensities in corresponding profiles from microcosms in which larvae had been absent and vice versa. Such findings provide evidence that mosquito larvae alter the bacterial community structure in laboratory microcosms.;To determine whether alteration of the bacterial community structure in OLI by mosquito larvae influenced the olfactory/oviposition response of gravid mosquitoes, we used a binary bioassay to evaluate the attractant/repellent and stimulant/deterrent properties of OLI which contained larvae. Each experimental replicate produced a different olfactory/oviposition response pattern over the 32 d of the experiment, indicating that larval alteration of the bacterial community structure had no consistent effect on the olfactory/oviposition response of gravid adults. However, for some experimental replicates, the occurrence of some DGGE gel bands or band patterns was associated with an enhanced oviposition response.;Laboratory experiments were also carried out to investigate the fitness of larval cohorts of Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Ae. aegypti L. in microcosms containing white oak leaves as a source of detritus. Some microcosms contained whole leaves while leaf particulates were added to other microcosms to simulate the activity of leaf-shredding arthropods in a detritus processing chain. Larval performance variables (larval survival and development time, and adult emergence) in these microcosms were separately evaluated for both mosquito species in factorial experiments involving combinations of larval density (0.5 and 1.0 larvae per mL) and leaf biomass (4.2 and 16.8 g/L). Ae. albopictus exhibited superior larval fitness relative to Ae. aegypti at each level of larval density and leaf biomass and for each leaf condition evaluated. Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti responded differently to leaf condition, which suggests that processing chain interactions between these species and top-level consumers would vary in nature.
机译：我们研究的主要目的是确定埃及伊蚊的幼虫是否改变了含有白栎（Quercus alba）叶浸液（OLI）的实验室微生物的细菌群落景观，并评估了改变了幼虫的细菌群落对嗅觉/嗅觉的影响程度。妊娠Ae的产卵反应。埃及我们发现埃及伊蚊幼虫的摄食活动影响细菌性食物来源的生产动态。添加幼虫后，总细菌（可培养和不可培养物种）的丰度（细胞/毫升）从8到28天下降，而在32天的时间内，可培养细菌的丰度在很大程度上不受幼虫存在的影响。平均而言，在橡树叶微观世界中，可培养细菌的丰度仅占总细菌丰度的2.5％，这表明幼虫主要以不可培养细菌为食。利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE），使用PCR扩增的16S核糖体DNA片段，从提取的总基因组DNA中筛选出有或没有幼虫的微生物群落的细菌群落结构。使用非度量多维标度分析DGGE配置文件之间的矩阵距离系数，表明从第12天或第16天到实验结束（第32天）对细菌群落结构有幼虫作用。此外，我们发现在连续几天中，不存在或未发现幼虫微观世界中出现的特别突出的DGGE带（=细菌操作生物分类单位），或者在不存在幼虫的微观世界中的相应分布图中以相对较低的强度被发现反之亦然。这些发现提供了蚊子幼虫在实验室微观世界中改变细菌群落结构的证据。；为了确定蚊子幼虫对OLI中细菌群落结构的改变是否影响了妊娠性蚊子的嗅觉/产卵反应，我们使用了二元生物测定法来评估引诱剂含有幼虫的OLI的/驱避和刺激/威慑特性。每个实验重复在实验的32 d内产生不同的嗅觉/产卵反应模式，表明细菌群落结构的幼虫改变对妊娠成年人的嗅觉/产卵反应没有一致的影响。然而，对于某些实验重复，某些DGGE凝胶条带或条带模式的出现与增强的产卵反应有关。;还进行了实验室实验以研究Ae幼虫群的适应性。白化病（Skuse）和Ae。 aegypti L.在包含白橡树叶作为碎屑来源的缩影中。一些微观世界包含整片叶子，而叶片微粒被添加到其他微观世界，以模拟碎屑加工链中的切叶节肢动物的活动。这些因子的幼体性能变量（幼体存活和发育时间以及成年羽化）在涉及幼虫密度（0.5和1.0幼虫/ mL）和叶片生物量（4.2和16.8 g / L）组合的析因实验中分别评估了两种蚊子的蚊子种类。 ）。 e相对于Ae，白皮虫表现出更好的幼虫适应性。埃及level在幼虫密度和叶片生物量的各个水平上，并针对每种叶片状况进行了评估。 e白化病和Ae。埃及对叶片状况的反应不同，这表明这些物种与顶级消费者之间的加工链相互作用在性质上会有所不同。

著录项

  • 作者

    Evans, Brian Patrick.;

  • 作者单位

    North Carolina State University.;

  • 授予单位 North Carolina State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 175 p.
  • 总页数 175
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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