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'The Law of Peoples', human rights and minority rights: A study on legitimacy and international justice.

机译：“人民法”，人权和少数人权利：合法性和国际正义问题研究。

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摘要

Severe poverty and ethnic-conflicts are the two most devastating problems of the contemporary world. Eighteen million persons die every year from causes related to poverty and a vast amount of developing countries suffer from tremendous processes of destabilization--frequently involving highly violent actions--associated to the relations between majority and minority groups. In both cases, the intervention of international powers and institutions has not been helpful enough to make a difference, and this present reality projects itself as a distressing scene for the future.;In developing this argument, I will relay on the framework provided by The Law of Peoples of John Rawls. In the first chapter, I will present this general framework, stressing the constraints that legitimacy imposes on a conception of international justice and, derivatively, on an account of human rights. These constraints, I will argue, oblige us to exclude from the account of human rights particular rights full civil and political rights. In the second chapter, I will present the constraints that legitimacy imposes on the exercise of political power. Legitimate exercise of political power, I will argue, requires the respect of human rights and minority rights. As well, this second chapter will help to provide the justification of human and minority rights. In the third chapter, I will present the constraints that legitimacy imposes on the practices of the international community in regard to the fulfillment of human and minority rights around the world. Legitimate practices directed to this achieve this goal, I will argue, requires their strict separation from actions undertaken to promote liberal reform. As well, this third chapter will help to state the role of human rights and minority rights.;Human rights and minority rights are the most powerful international tools in trying to change this sad global scenario. However, there is an extensive debate on the nature of these rights in a theory of international justice. This is often characterized as a debate between "minimalist" who seek to reduce the currently--recognized list of human rights to a bare minimum in order to accommodate non-liberal societies, and more expansive liberal approaches, which seek to expand the list of human rights to include the full set of civil and political rights characteristic of modern liberal-democracies. In this thesis, I will argue in favour of a third position. In line with some of the more minimalist approaches, I will argue that constraints of legitimacy rule out attempts to include full civil and political rights into our list of human rights. However, I will argue that these same constraints of legitimacy advocates for expanding the currently-recognized list of human rights in at least two key respects: the recognition of certain basic social and economic rights; and the recognition of certain minority rights. In short, we should be minimalist on some issues, while more expansive in others.
机译：严重的贫困和种族冲突是当代世界上两个最具有破坏性的问题。每年有1800万人死于与贫困相关的原因，并且大量发展中国家遭受与多数族裔和少数族裔之间的关系相关的巨大的动荡进程-经常涉及高度暴力行动。在这两种情况下，国际大国和机构的干预都不足以发挥作用，而当前现实将其自身预示为对未来的痛苦场面。；在阐述这一论点时，我将继续探讨约翰·罗尔斯的人民法。在第一章中，我将介绍这个总体框架，强调合法性对国际正义概念以及由此而来的人权的约束。我将争辩说，这些限制使我们不得不从人权特别权利中排除充分的公民权利和政治权利。在第二章中，我将介绍合法性对行使政治权力施加的限制。我将辩称，合法行使政治权力要求尊重人权和少数群体权利。同样，第二章将有助于提供人权和少数民族权利的理由。在第三章中，我将提出合法性对国际社会在实现全世界人权和少数群体权利方面的实践施加的限制。我将争辩说，为此目的采取的合法做法要求将它们与促进自由改革的行动严格分开。同样，第三章将有助于阐明人权和少数人权利的作用。人权和少数人权利是试图改变这种悲惨的全球形势的最有力的国际工具。但是，国际正义理论对这些权利的性质进行了广泛的辩论。这通常被认为是“极简主义者”之间的辩论，他们试图将目前公认的人权清单减少到最低限度，以适应非自由社会，而更广泛的自由主义方法则试图扩大人权清单。人权包括现代自由民主制所具有的全套公民和政治权利。在本文中，我将主张第三个立场。与某些更简单的方法相一致，我将辩称，合法性的限制排除了将充分的公民和政治权利纳入我们的人权清单的尝试。但是，我将争辩说，合法性的这些相同的限制因素主张至少在两个关键方面扩大目前公认的人权清单：对某些基本社会和经济权利的承认；以及对某些少数群体权利的承认。简而言之，在某些问题上我们应该保持简约，而在另一些问题上则要扩展得多。

著录项

  • 作者

    Vaca Paniagua, Moises.;

  • 作者单位

    Queen's University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Queen's University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Philosophy.;Political Science International Law and Relations.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 73 p.
  • 总页数 73
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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