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首页> 外文学位 >Efecto del manejo de nitrogeno sobre caracteristicas agronomicas, composicion quimica y fermentativas de hibridos de maiz a diferentes edades de corte.
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Efecto del manejo de nitrogeno sobre caracteristicas agronomicas, composicion quimica y fermentativas de hibridos de maiz a diferentes edades de corte.

机译：氮素管理对不同cutting割年龄玉米杂交种农艺，化学和发酵特性的影响。

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摘要

The dairy cattle industry in Puerto Rico lacks forages of high nutritive value. Maize silage is a high energy value crop and offers potential for use in the industry, but its low protein concentration is a major concern. Information on use of organic or inorganic fertilizer and their effect on yield, nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of hybrid corn (DKC 67-60) grown for silage are limited.;Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment consisted of a maize planting to evaluate the effect of four N systems [conventional fertilization (CF; 185 kg/ha of 15-5-10), Maize-Mucuna (MM; Mucuna pruriens cv Vine 90-d), and two dairy of effluent rates (DFR1; 56 and DFR2; 112 kg N/ha) and harvesting at three growth stages (70, 77 84 DAP) on plant components (leaf, stem, ear), total yield, nutritive value and fermentation and aerobic stability of the corn silage. There was an effect (P<0.05) on leaf yield and total dry matter yield. Leaf yield was greater with CF. Total dry matter yield was also 1 t/ha higher with CF than other N systems. There was no effect of date of harvest on the variables measured, except for the leaf component. Crude protein concentration was greater with CF (8.67%) surpassing by two units the organic fertilization, but there was not effect on NDF. Harvest age did not affect CP concentration, but did have an effect on NDF. Maize harvested at 84 DAP (59.56%) was higher than harvested at 77 DAP (58.4%) or 70 DAP (56.15%). The N treatments did not affect pH and organic acids of hybrid maize DKC 67-60 silage, presenting typical characteristics of anaerobic fermentation (pH 4.2; and adequate lactic acid production).;The second experiment consisted of two maize plantings. The effects of four N levels (0, 56, 112 and 185 kg of N/ha from 15-5-10 source) y three harvest dates (70, 77 y 84 DAP) on dry matter yield (DMY) of leaves, stem, ear and total yield, nutritive value (CP and NDF) of corn harvested prior to ensiling were determined. A second objective evaluated the same treatment effects on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of hybrid corn Dekalb (DKC 67-60). In both plantings the levels of N affected dry matter yields of leaves, stems, ears and total yield, exhibiting a quadratic response. This suggests that optimum N rate is between 112 and 185 kg/ha. Harvest date had an effect (P<0.05) on corn, stems, ears and total yield, but had no effect on leaves. Greater DMY were observed at 84 DAP. The CP concentration was greater in first in the first planting. Crude protein increased (2 unit differences over the control) with increasing N rates, but N rates had no effect on NDF. Harvest date had no effect on CP, but as expected there was increase in NDF with increasing harvest date. Both pH and the organic acids were similar for the N levels, indicating a good fermentation characteristic. There was no effect of N or harvest date on aerobic stability.;In conclusion, irrespective of the type of N (organic or inorganic) the hybrid corn DKC 67-60 requires between 112-185 kg/ha of N for optimum yield y high nutritive value and its recommended that the corn be harvested between 70 to 77 DAP.
机译：波多黎各的奶牛业缺乏具有高营养价值的草料。玉米青贮饲料是一种高能量价值的农作物，具有在工业中使用的潜力，但其低蛋白质含量是一个主要问题。限制了有机或无机肥料的使用及其对青贮杂交玉米（DKC 67-60）产量，营养价值和发酵特性的影响。第一个实验由玉米种植组成，以评估四个氮系统的效果[常规施肥（CF； 185 kg / ha的15-5-10），玉米-Mucuna（MM； Mucuna pruriens cv藤90-d）和两个奶牛的出水率（DFR1； 56和DFR2； 112 kg N / ha），并在三个生长阶段（70、77 84 DAP）收获植物成分（叶，茎，穗），总产量，营养价值和发酵，玉米青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。对叶片产量和总干物质产量有影响（P <0.05）。 CF的叶片产量更高。 CF的总干物质产量也比其他N系统高1 t / ha。收获日期对测得的变量没有影响，除了叶片成分。粗蛋白浓度较高，CF（8.67％）超过有机施肥两个单位，但对NDF没有影响。收割年龄不影响CP浓度，但对NDF有影响。以84 DAP（59.56％）收获的玉米高于以77 DAP（58.4％）或70 DAP（56.15％）收获的玉米。 N处理不影响杂交玉米DKC 67-60青贮饲料的pH和有机酸，表现出厌氧发酵的典型特征（pH 4.2；有足够的乳酸产生）。第二个试验由两个玉米种植组成。在三个收获日期（70、77 y 84 DAP），四个氮水平（来自15-5-10来源的0、56、112和185 kg N / ha）对叶片，茎干物质产量（DMY）的影响测定青贮前收获的玉米的穗，总产量，营养价值（CP和NDF）。第二个目标评估了相同处理对杂种玉米Dekalb（DKC 67-60）的发酵特性和有氧稳定性的影响。在两种种植中，氮的含量都会影响叶片，茎，穗和总产量的干物质产量，表现出二次响应。这表明最佳氮素施用量在112至185 kg / ha之间。收获日期对玉米，茎，穗和总产量有影响（P <0.05），但对叶片没有影响。在84 DAP时观察到较高的DMY。在第一次种植时，CP浓度较高。粗蛋白随氮含量的增加而增加（比对照高2个单位），但氮含量对NDF无影响。收获日期对CP没有影响，但是正如预期的那样，随着收获日期的增加，NDF有所增加。 pH和有机酸的氮含量相似，表明其具有良好的发酵特性。氮或收获日期对有氧稳定性没有影响。总之，不管氮的类型（有机或无机），杂交玉米DKC 67-60都需要112-185 kg / ha的氮才能获得最佳产量营养价值，建议在70到77 DAP之间收获玉米。

著录项

  • 作者

    Prieto Prieto, Ricardo Jose.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico).;

  • 授予单位 University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico).;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 91 p.
  • 总页数 91
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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