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Impacts des conditions d'exploitation sur les performances des filtres au charbon actif biologique.

机译：操作条件对有机活性炭过滤器性能的影响。

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摘要

The water treatment plant of Sainte-Rose, Laval, QC, has been using biological filtration since 1986. In 1997, chlorination has been introduced upstream of six biofilters in order to reduce maintenance costs of the pumping station, which follows post-ozonation. Typically, a dose of 0.3 mg Cl2 / L is added at the output of the ozone contact towers and the granular activated carbon (GAC) in the filters have not been changed for many years, as many other treatment plants where biological filtration is used.;The pilot used for these tests was made of four columns (2 in.) with an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 11 min. Three granular activated carbons of different ages (1, 15 and 20 years) were tested in filtration columns in this pilot unit to compare their biological performances. The performance of a column supplied with a chlorinated influent was also followed. The main parameters taken into account were total organic carbon (TOC), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), ammonia nitrogen, chlorine demand (24) and THM-UFC. The analytical monitoring that were also made included solid analysis of the carbon colonization with the measurement of the potential nitrifying and heterotrophic activities. These measurements were made in order to determine which carbon gives the better water quality and to evaluate the effects of chlorination on the filtration performances.;The comparison between a column and an industrial filter gave the following results: the difference between both concerning TOC removal remained relatively constant during the monitoring period (between 0.03 and 0.09 mg / L) but TOC removal of the full-scale filter was slightly higher. The difference between the EBCT of the column (11 min) and the filter plant (17.9 min) could be the origin of this difference. No significant difference between both for the BDOC removal (> 40%) was observed. The removal of ammonia nitrogen was about 100% for the column and for the filter. A slightly better reduction of THM-UFC was observed for the full-scale filter.;The main results obtained by comparing a column with a non-chlorinated affluent and a chlorinated affluent with 0.3 mg Cl2 / L did not showed large differences in their biological performances. The average removal of TOC is similar (10%) for both and the removal of ammonia nitrogen is also above 90%. Then, an influent with increasing concentrations of total chlorine (0.3 to 1.4 mg Cl2 / L) was applied. Results showed that for total chlorine concentrations below 0.5 mg Cl2 / L, the residual chlorine was under the form of mono and dichloramine. When the concentration of residual chlorine was above this value, we observed the presence of free chlorine. The higher the concentration of total chlorine in the influent was, the more the reduction of ammonia nitrogen decreased inside the column. The final reduction is about 90% for all concentrations of chlorine in the influent. Moreover, the biomass density decreased in the surface of the column for a TCFV between 1 and 2 min when the concentration of total chlorine in the influent increased from 2.82 to 0.65 mg N/h*cm3. No difference appeared for EBCT included between 7 and 8 min. The concentration of nitrifying biomass of between 5.17 and 5.60 mg N/h*cm3, was similar for each test.;The main objective of this project was to study the impact of various operating parameters on biological performances of the filters in order to understand why CAG filters efficiency has declined in recent years in the Sainte-Rose water treatment plant. The effects of a pre-chlorination of the biofilters on their biological performance and the effects of the carbon's age on its efficiency for the removal of biodegradable compounds were also studied in this project. A comparison between a full-scale biofilter and a filtration column in a pilot unit has been performed in order to validate the results.;Carbons aged of 15 and 20 years are statistically more effective in the removal of TOC with a respective average of 9.9 and 10.1% than carbon aged of one year (7.6%). However, the concentration differences are still low, less than 0.09 mg / L for the three effluents. The three columns have a nitrogen ammonia removal around 100% in warm waters. For a water temperature of 11°C, the removal of ammonia nitrogen at the end of the column containing the media of 20 years was only 62%. Finally, regarding the experience of measuring the maximum capacity for biomass attachment, it appeared that the carbon aged of 1 year was more colonized by nitrifying biomass (25,3 microg N/h* cm 3) than the carbon aged of 20 years (4,2 microg N/h*cm3). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：1986年以来，位于QC拉瓦尔的Sainte-Rose的水处理厂一直在使用生物过滤。1997年，在六个生物滤池的上游引入了氯化处理，以减少后臭氧化处理后泵站的维护成本。通常，在臭氧接触塔的输出处添加0.3 mg Cl2 / L的剂量，并且许多年来使用生物过滤的其他处理厂都没有改变过滤器中的颗粒活性炭（GAC）。 ；用于这些测试的飞行员由四根色谱柱（2英寸）组成，空床接触时间（EBCT）为11分钟。在该中试装置的过滤塔中测试了三种不同年龄（1、15和20年）的颗粒状活性炭，以比较它们的生物学性能。还跟踪了装有氯化进水的色谱柱的性能。考虑的主要参数是总有机碳（TOC），可生物降解的溶解有机碳（BDOC），氨氮，氯需求量（24）和THM-UFC。还进行了分析性监测，包括对碳定殖的固体分析以及对潜在硝化和异养活动的测量。进行这些测量是为了确定哪种碳可以提供更好的水质并评估氯化对过滤性能的影响。色谱柱与工业过滤器的比较得出以下结果：两者之间关于TOC去除的差异仍然存在在监测期间相对恒定（0.03至0.09 mg / L），但满量程过滤器的TOC去除率略高。柱的EBCT（11分钟）和过滤器工厂（17.9分钟）之间的差异可能是这种差异的根源。去除BDOC两者之间没有显着差异（> 40％）。色谱柱和过滤器的氨氮去除率约为100％。对于全尺寸过滤器，观察到THM-UFC的降低效果略好。;通过比较非氯化物富集柱和0.3 mg Cl2 / L的氯化富集柱所获得的主要结果并未显示出生物学上的大差异。表演。两者的TOC平均去除率相似（10％），氨氮的去除率也高于90％。然后，使用总氯浓度增加的进水（0.3至1.4 mg Cl2 / L）。结果表明，对于总氯浓度低于0.5 mg Cl2 / L的残留氯，其形式为一氯和二氯胺。当残余氯的浓度高于该值时，我们观察到存在游离氯。进水中总氯浓度越高，塔内氨氮的减少越多。对于进水中所有浓度的氯，最终减少量约为90％。此外，当进水中的总氯浓度从2.82 mg / h * cm3增加到0.65 mg N / h * cm3时，TCFV色谱柱表面的生物量密度降低了1到2分钟。在7至8分钟之间，EBCT没有差异。每次测试的硝化生物量浓度在5.17至5.60 mg N / h * cm3之间;该项目的主要目的是研究各种操作参数对过滤器生物学性能的影响，以了解为什么近年来，圣罗斯水处理厂的CAG过滤器效率下降。在该项目中，还对生物滤池的预氯化作用对其生物性能的影响以及碳的年龄对其去除生物可降解化合物的效率的影响进行了研究。为了验证结果，已对全尺寸生物滤池和过滤柱进行了比较。统计学上，年龄分别为15岁和20岁的碳在去除TOC方面更有效，其平均值分别为9.9和比一年碳寿命（7.6％）高10.1％。但是，三种废水的浓度差仍然很低，小于0.09 mg / L。这三根色谱柱在温水中的氨氮去除率约为100％。对于11°C的水温，在含有20年介质的色谱柱末端，氨氮的去除率仅为62％。最后，关于测量最大生物量附着能力的经验，似乎是通过硝化生物量（25,3 microg N / h * cm 3）比使用20年的碳更容易殖民1年的碳。 ，2微克N / h * cm 3。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Reygrobellet, Amelie.;

  • 作者单位

    Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 M.Sc.A.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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