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Refinement of innovative watermelon grafting methods with appropriate choice of developmental stage, rootstock genotype, and root treatment to increase grafting success.

机译：完善创新的西瓜嫁接方法，适当选择发育阶段，砧木基因型和根系处理方法，以增加嫁接成功率。

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摘要

Watermelon grafting methods used in Europe and Asia vary, but are based on efficiency, skill and needs. China mainly practices the whole insertion grafting method, whereas, Europe and Japan employ the one cotyledon (splice/slant-cut) grafting method. These methods are not suitable for grafting production in the U.S. due to the labor intensive and high labor cost necessary to successfully produce grafted transplants. This thesis introduced a modified grafting technique called the "Cotyledon Devoid Method" and in three experiments determined; (1) the rootstock leaf number stage (RLNS) at which the greatest grafting success is achieved; (2) the relationship between total soluble carbohydrates in rootstock hypocotyl seedlings and grafting success; and (3) the effects of root excision performed after grafting but prior to healing on grafting success and hypocotyl carbohydrate depletion. Grafting was performed on ten plants in five replications using four different rootstocks: Lagenaria siceraria 'Emphasis', Citrullus lanatus var. citroides 'Ojakkyo', Cucurbita moschata x Cucurbita maxima 'Strong Tosa', and Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 'Tri-X 313'. All scion material was Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus 'Tri-X 313'. Rootstocks and scion material were developed in synchrony to the appearance of the first (9-15 days), second (13-18 days), and third (19-24 days) leaf number stage. Aerial measurements were taken on both the rootstocks and scion material before grafting. Both rootstock cotyledons were removed at time of grafting to eliminate any potential rootstock regeneration. Furthermore, roots were excised from the hypocotyl of one set of grafted seedlings to reduce the need to maintain an active root system during healing which allowed the hypocotyl energy reserves to be conserved to initially heal the graft union and then generate new roots (Excision treatment). Grafts were randomly placed inside a healing chamber for 7 days and evaluated 14 days later for grafting success. The second and third experiments were designed to analyze total soluble carbohydrates accumulated in the rootstock plant tissues before and after grafting at each of the three RLNS with and without roots present. Plants were carefully dissected on the day of grafting and 7 days after grafting to measure individual plant organs including root, hypocotyl, cotyledon, and leaf or scion hypocotyl, scion cotyledon, and scion leaf area. All individual plant organs measurements consisted of ten plants per samples replicated five times. Carbohydrates were extracted using the methanol-chloroform-water method. The carbohydrate concentrations were determined using the phenol sulfuric acid assay and read by the micro plate spectrophotometer. Measured samples for carbohydrate analysis consisted of a subsample taken from ten plants ground samples replicated five times. Each ten-plant sub sample was determined by the mean of two read replications on the micro plate with the coefficient of variation values generally less than 10. Grafting success increased with each increase in RLNS. Aerial dimensions taken before grafting revealed that the rootstock hypocotyl diameter, length, and area increased from the first to the third RLNS and were related to grafting success. Total carbohydrate measurements taken from each rootstock hypocotyl organ before grafting increased from the first to the third RLNS suggesting a relationship between grafting success and hypocotyl carbohydrates. The overall carbohydrate concentration remained the same among RLNS, but the increase in dry weight from the first to the third RLNS accounted for the vast increase in total carbohydrates per hypocotyl and thereby increased grafting success. Rootstock hypocotyl total carbohydrates greatly decreased when roots were left intact versus excised, indicating root excision can be employed to conserve hypocotyl carbohydrate to encourage healing which is also essential for mechanical grafting. Excising the rootstock root prior to healing but after grafting did not decrease grafting success at the second or third RLNS on three of the rootstocks tested. The "Cotyledon Devoid Method" provides a successful option that may have potential to reduce grafting cost by successfully removing rootstock regeneration; however, precise seed germination and seedling development guidelines must be followed in order to achieve acceptable grafting success.
机译：欧洲和亚洲使用的西瓜接枝方法各不相同，但要基于效率，技能和需求。中国主要采用整个插入嫁接方法，而欧洲和日本则采用一种子叶（剪接/斜切）嫁接方法。这些方法不适用于美国的嫁接生产，因为成功生产嫁接移植物需要大量的劳力和较高的人工成本。本论文介绍了一种改良的嫁接技术，称为“子叶无须法”，并在三个实验中进行了确定。 （1）嫁接成功最大的砧木叶片数阶段（RLNS）； （2）砧木下胚轴幼苗中总可溶性碳水化合物与嫁接成功的关系； （3）嫁接后但愈合前进行根切除对嫁接成功和下胚轴碳水化合物消耗的影响。使用四种不同的砧木，对十株植物进行了五次重复的嫁接：Lagenaria siceraria'Emphasis'，Citrullus lanatus var。瓜类'Ojakkyo'，南瓜属x最大南瓜属'Strong Tosa'和柑桔（Citrullus lanatus var）。 lanatus“ Tri-X 313”。所有接穗材料均为Citrullus lanatus var。 lanatus“ Tri-X 313”。砧木和接穗材料与第一（9-15天），第二（13-18天）和第三（19-24天）叶片数阶段的出现同步发展。嫁接前对砧木和接穗材料进行了空中测量。嫁接时去除了两个砧木子叶，以消除任何潜在的砧木再生。此外，从一组嫁接幼苗的下胚轴上切除了根，以减少在愈合过程中维持活跃的根系的需要，从而保留了下胚轴的能量储备，以便最初治愈移植物并随后产生新的根（切除治疗） 。将移植物随机放置在愈合室内7天，并在14天后评估移植成功。设计第二个和第三个实验，以分析在嫁接有和无根的三个RLNS中的每一个之前和之后在砧木植物组织中积累的总可溶性碳水化合物。在移植当天和移植后7天仔细解剖植物，以测量各个植物器官，包括根，下胚轴，子叶和叶或接穗下胚轴，接穗子叶和接穗叶面积。所有单个植物器官的测量结果由每个样品十棵植物组成，重复五次。使用甲醇-氯仿-水方法提取碳水化合物。使用苯酚硫酸测定法确定碳水化合物浓度，并通过微板分光光度计读取。用于碳水化合物分析的测量样品包括一个子样品，该子样品取自重复五次的十个植物地面样品。通过在微板上两次读取重复的平均值来确定每个十株子样品，变异系数值通常小于10。嫁接成功随着RLNS的每次增加而增加。嫁接前的空中尺寸显示，砧木下胚轴的直径，长度和面积从第一个RLNS到第三个RLNS增加，并且与嫁接成功有关。嫁接前从每个砧木下胚轴器官获取的总碳水化合物量从第一个RLNS上升到第三个RLNS，表明嫁接成功与下胚轴碳水化合物之间的关系。 RLNS中的总碳水化合物浓度保持不变，但是从第一个到第三个RLNS的干重增加导致每个下胚轴总碳水化合物大量增加，从而增加了嫁接成功率。与切下的根相比，砧木下砧木的下胚轴总碳水化合物大大减少，表明根切除可用于保存下胚轴的碳水化合物以促进愈合，这对于机械嫁接也是必不可少的。在愈合之前但在嫁接后去除砧木根不会降低在测试的三种砧木上第二或第三次RLNS的嫁接成功率。 “子叶无节育法”提供了一种成功的选择，可能通过成功去除砧木再生来降低嫁接成本。但是，必须遵循精确的种子发芽和幼苗发育准则，以取得可接受的嫁接成功。

著录项

  • 作者

    Memmott, Frederic D.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Horticulture.;Agriculture General.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 108 p.
  • 总页数 108
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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