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Studies on tiny and huge seismic sources using long period surface waves: From the hum to 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.

机译:使用长期表面波研究微小和巨大地震源:从嗡嗡声到2004年苏门答腊-安达曼地震。

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摘要

We study the source processes of two extreme cases, the hum of the Earth and the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, by using long period surface waves.; To study the source mechanism of the hum, we develop an array-based method to detect and locate very weak sources of long period surface waves, utilizing the dispersive properties of Rayleigh waves. We observe the variations in seismic amplitudes at two regional arrays: BDSN (in California) and F-net (in Japan). Our results indicate that the sources of the hum are primarily in the oceans and the dominant source regions are shifting from northern Pacific to southern oceans during northern hemispheric winter and summer, respectively. The comparison of short term variations in seismic amplitudes between the arrays and the comparison of variations in seismic amplitudes to ocean wave measurements at the coasts near the two arrays indicate that the source process consists of three steps: (1) energy conversion from atmospheric perturbation (e.g., storm) to short period ocean waves, (2) non-linear interactions of short period ocean waves to generate long period ocean waves, (e.g., infragravity waves), (3) non-linear coupling of long period ocean waves to the seafloor to develop long period surface waves. In step 3, a portion of the infragravity wave can leak, propagate through the ocean, and couple to the seafloor on the other side of the ocean.; To study the very complex source process of the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, we jointly invert the long period (100--500 s) global seismic waveforms and near field GPS static offsets for slip distribution on the fault plane. The sensitivity test of rupture velocity indicates that the optimal rupture velocities range from 1.8 to 2.6 km/s. Our data set is not sensitive to the dip and curvature of the fault plane. We apply a Jackknife method to estimate the uncertainty in slip distribution over the given fault plane, and find that slip is well resolved along the whole rupture with uncertainties less than 23 %.
机译:我们使用长期表面波研究了两种极端情况的源过程,即地球的嗡嗡声和2004年的苏门答腊-安达曼大地震。为了研究嗡嗡声的声源机理,我们开发了一种基于阵列的方法,利用瑞利波的色散特性来检测和定位很弱的长周期表面波声源。我们观察到两个区域阵列的地震振幅变化:BDSN(在加利福尼亚)和F-net(在日本)。我们的结果表明,在北半球的冬季和夏季,嗡嗡声的来源主要在海洋中,并且主要的来源区域正在从北太平洋转移到南部海洋。阵列之间地震振幅的短期变化比较以及两个阵列附近海岸的海浪测量结果与地震振幅变化的比较表明,震源过程包括三个步骤:(1)大气扰动引起的能量转换(例如,风暴)到短期海浪;(2)短期海浪的非线性相互作用以产生长期海浪(例如,次重力波);(3)长期海浪与海浪的非线性耦合。海底会形成长期的表面波浪。在步骤3中,一部分次重力波可以泄漏,传播通过海洋,并耦合到海洋另一侧的海底。为了研究2004年苏门答腊-安达曼大地震的非常复杂的震源过程,我们联合反转了长期(100--500 s)的全球地震波形和近场GPS静态偏移量,以在断层面上进行滑动分布。破裂速度敏感性试验表明,最佳破裂速度范围为1.8至2.6 km / s。我们的数据集对断层的倾角和曲率不敏感。我们采用Jackknife方法估计给定断层面上滑动分布的不确定性,发现在整个破裂过程中滑动都得到了很好的解决,不确定性小于23%。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rhie, Junkee.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Berkeley.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Berkeley.;
  • 学科 Geophysics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 107 p.
  • 总页数 107
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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