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River trading in the Peruvian Amazon: Market access and rural livelihoods among rainforest peoples.

机译：秘鲁亚马逊河的内河贸易：雨林人民的市场准入和农村生计。

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摘要

Access to markets is increasingly regarded in development circles as a critical factor in determining livelihood choices in peasant economies. In the northeastern Peruvian Amazon, a multitude of river transporters and market intermediaries based in the central city of Iquitos provide essential services and market opportunities for remote peasant producers across the region. Using a multi-scalar, multi-method approach involving extensive fieldwork in the Peruvian Amazon, this research (re)assesses the meanings and implications of "remoteness" and "connectedness" for rural peasants. At the regional scale, I examine the functional heterogeneity of river trading networks and marketing agents. Given the high-risk/high-transaction-cost environment, river trading is found to be expensive for producers and traders alike. High costs are exacerbated by the low gross returns of rural production (mainly food and natural building materials). Thin or missing markets for credit, labour, land and insurance increase the hardships associated with limited access to product markets. Regional findings are complemented with a comparative livelihoods analysis in two remote communities of the Alto Tigre River that benefit from differential access to oil-labour. My study reveals that differential access to labour has significant impacts on the livelihood strategies of working households. However, given limited access to external markets, cash-income from oil-labour is found to offer limited opportunities for growth. In sum, the research proposes insights for advancing the debate on livelihoods and poverty in the Peruvian Amazon.
机译：在发展圈中，市场准入越来越被认为是决定农民经济生计选择的关键因素。在秘鲁东北部的亚马逊河，位于伊基托斯中部城市的众多河流运输商和市场中介机构为该地区的偏远农民生产者提供了重要的服务和市场机会。这项研究使用了涉及秘鲁亚马逊地区广泛野外工作的多尺度，多方法的方法，（重新）评估了“远程”和“联系”对农村农民的意义和含义。在区域范围内，我研究了内河贸易网络和营销代理的功能异质性。考虑到高风险/高交易成本的环境，发现河道贸易对生产者和贸易商而言都是昂贵的。农村生产（主要是食品和天然建筑材料）的总收益低，加剧了高成本。信贷，劳动力，土地和保险市场稀少或缺失，这增加了与产品市场准入机会有限相关的困难。在阿尔托·蒂格雷河（Alto Tigre River）的两个偏远社区中，通过对生计石油的不同获取，区域生计得到了比较生计分析的补充。我的研究表明，劳动力的不同获取方式对劳动家庭的生计策略具有重大影响。然而，由于进入外部市场的机会有限，石油劳动力的现金收入被发现提供了有限的增长机会。总而言之，这项研究提出了一些见识，可以推动关于秘鲁亚马逊地区生计和贫困问题的辩论。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cohalan, Jean-Michel.;

  • 作者单位

    McGill University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 McGill University (Canada).;
  • 学科 Geography.; Economics General.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 155 p.
  • 总页数 155
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;经济学;
  • 关键词

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