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Smart growth and the scaling of community interest in an older suburb: A case study of revitalization in Baltimore County, MD.

机译：老城区的智能增长和社区兴趣扩展：以马里兰州巴尔的摩县的振兴为例。

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The inadequacy of local scales of planning to sufficiently address environmental, social, and fiscal issues that arise for governments from growth and development has led to the enactment of statewide smart growth policies such as Maryland's. The objective of these policies is to minimize sprawl and encourage reinvestment in existing communities. Successful implementation, however, currently requires the cooperation of local jurisdictions with land use control. While smart growth implies redevelopment and intensified uses in urban areas, and land preservation in rural areas, it is less clear what smart growth means for older suburban areas. Older suburbs are experiencing decline, including issues such as concentrated poverty, that undermine the appeal of these communities for prospective homebuyers and hence threaten their viability as alternatives to sprawl. Yet because these communities are largely already built, they present a revitalization challenge complicated by questions of public process. This research is a case study of revitalization strategies employed by Baltimore County government in the older suburb of Essex-Middle River, involving participant observation, interviews, and document reviews. I use geographical theories of scale and planning theory to assess four different approaches (1) redevelopment of rental housing to create a wider range of housing types; (2) expanded condemnation authority to acquire and assemble land for larger renewal projects; (3) a broad community planning charrette called an Urban Design Assistance Team; and (4) a focused, collaborative planning charrette leading to Form-Based Codes and a pattern book to create mixed-income housing. I find that good process is an under-developed component of smart growth policy that can lead to increased support for affordable housing and higher densities; what smart growth means at the local level may be counter-intuitive and involve de-densification; that the scale of community plans can conceal dynamics that are important to revitalizing older suburbs, such as the need for broader approaches to providing affordable housing; and that working-class homeowners in older suburbs have an under-appreciated social equity claim: their opportunities to build wealth through homeownership are undermined by suburban decline.
机译：地方规划规模不足以充分解决增长和发展给政府带来的环境，社会和财政问题，导致制定了全州范围内的明智增长政策，例如马里兰州。这些政策的目的是最大程度地减少蔓延并鼓励对现有社区的再投资。但是，成功的实施目前需要地方管辖权与土地使用控制方面的合作。明智的增长意味着城市地区的重新开发和集约利用，以及农村地区的土地保护，但对于老城区而言，明智的增长意味着什么尚不清楚。较旧的郊区正在经历衰退，包括诸如集中贫困之类的问题，这些问题削弱了这些社区对潜在购房者的吸引力，因此威胁到它们作为无家可归者的生存能力。然而，由于这些社区已经基本建成，因此，它们面临着振兴挑战，并伴随着公共程序问题。这项研究是巴尔的摩县政府在埃塞克斯中游河较旧郊区采取的振兴战略的案例研究，涉及参与者的观察，访谈和文件审查。我使用规模的地理理论和规划理论来评估四种不同的方法（1）重建出租房屋以创建更多类型的住房； （2）扩大谴责权，以收购和整理大型更新项目的土地； （3）称为“城市设计协助小组”的广泛的社区规划专家； （4）专注于协作的规划纲要，以形成基于表单的代码，以及用于创建混合收入住房的模式手册。我发现良好的流程是明智增长政策的欠发达部分，可以导致对可负担住房和更高密度的支持增加；明智的增长在地方一级意味着什么可能是违反直觉的，并且涉及去浓缩。社区计划的规模可以掩盖对于振兴老城区至关重要的动力，例如需要更广泛的方法来提供负担得起的住房；而且郊区的工人阶级房主对社会公平的要求被低估：郊区的衰退削弱了他们通过房屋所有权积累财富的机会。

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