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The evolution of anvil cirrus in the Tropical Western Pacific using satellite and ground-based observations and model simulations.

机译：利用卫星和地面观测以及模型模拟，热带西太平洋地区的铁砧卷云演化。

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摘要

In this study, the anvil cirrus evolution in the tropical western pacific is unveiled in three steps with ground-based and satellite measurements and model simulations.; First, Millimeter Cloud Radar (MMCR) observation at Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) sites during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and the Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite-derived 12-hour Lagrangian back tracking data are combined to study the deep convection association of tropical cirrus that are common in the 10-15km layer of the tropical troposphere in the western Pacific. Using a data record of 1 year, the analysis shows that 47% of the cirrus observed over Manus can be traced to a deep convective source within the past 12 hours whereas just 16% of the cirrus observed over Nauru appear to have a convective source within the previous 12 hours.; Second, an innovative algorithm using MMCR three Doppler moments is developed to retrieve cirrus microphysical properties and the mean air vertical motion and their errors based on the fact that the observed Doppler spectrum results from the convolution of a quiet air radar reflectivity spectrum with the turbulence probability density function. The estimated algorithm errors are on the order of 35%, 85%, +/-20cm/s for mass-mean particle size, IWC (Ice Water Content), and sample volume-mean air motion, respectively. Algorithm validation with in situ data demonstrates that the algorithm can determine the cloud microphysical properties and air mean vertical velocity within the predicted theoretical error bounds.; Finally, by combining the satellite Lagrangian trajectories, ground-based MMCR observations, and the retrieval dataset at ARM TWP sites, the tropical anvil clouds' evolution from their convective origins are determined both physically and dynamically. An anvil cloud can last for more than 12 hours while its IWP decays with time. Strong updrafts and downdrafts are found in the cloud top and their magnitudes generally decrease as the anvils age. The UULES (University of Utah Large Eddy Simulation) model was used to produce two sets of dissipating anvil simulations. The first set of anvil simulations (with and without radiation) shows that the cloud radiative effects can produce updrafts and downdrafts in the cloud, especially at the cloud top. The net effect of radiation lifts the cloud layer and spreads it horizontally. The second set of anvil simulations with the larger IWP and larger relative humidity shows the influence of the cloud properties and the moist level in the environment on the anvil evolution.
机译：在这项研究中，通过地面和卫星测量以及模型模拟分三个步骤揭示了热带西太平洋的砧卷演化。首先，结合大气辐射测量（ARM）计划期间在热带西太平洋（TWP）站点的毫米云雷达（MMCR）观测和地球同步气象卫星得出的12小时拉格朗日回溯数据，以研究热带的深对流关联在西太平洋热带对流层10-15公里的层中常见的卷云。使用1年的数据记录，分析表明，在过去12小时内，在Manus上观测到的卷云中有47％可以追溯到深对流源，而在Nauru上观测到的只有12％的卷云内有对流源。前12小时。其次，基于观测到的多普勒频谱是由一个安静的空气雷达反射率频谱与湍流概率的卷积所产生的事实，开发了一种使用MMCR三个多普勒矩的创新算法，以检索卷云的微物理特性和平均空气垂直运动及其误差。密度函数。对于质量平均粒径，IWC（冰水含量）和样品体积平均空气运动，估计算法误差分别约为35％，85％，+ /-20cm / s。利用现场数据进行的算法验证表明，该算法可以在预测的理论误差范围内确定云的微物理性质和空气平均垂直速度。最后，通过结合卫星拉格朗日轨迹，基于地面的MMCR观测值和ARM TWP站点的检索数据集，可以从物理和动态方式确定热带砧云从对流起源开始的演变。铁砧云的IWP会随时间衰减而持续超过12个小时。在云层顶部发现强烈的上升气流和下降气流，并且其强度通常随着砧座年龄的增长而降低。 UULES（犹他大学的大涡模拟）模型用于产生两组耗散的砧座模拟。第一组砧模拟（有辐射和无辐射）显示，云的辐射效应可以在云中产生上下气流，特别是在云顶。辐射的净效应提起了云层并使其水平扩散。第二组砧木模拟具有较大的IWP和较大的相对湿度，显示了云特性和环境中的湿润水平对砧木演变的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Deng, Min.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Utah.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Utah.;
  • 学科 Physics Atmospheric Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 193 p.
  • 总页数 193
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 大气科学（气象学）;
  • 关键词

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