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首页> 外文学位 >Automobiles, the mass market, and the retail revolution of the early 20th century: A structural analysis of changes in American retail institutions, market power and labor demand.
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Automobiles, the mass market, and the retail revolution of the early 20th century: A structural analysis of changes in American retail institutions, market power and labor demand.

机译：汽车，大众市场和20世纪初期的零售革命：对美国零售机构，市场力量和劳动力需求变化的结构分析。

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Retailing is the third largest segment of the American economy. It is unique among many sectors of the economy because virtually every American is a daily customer. Despite this important role, few economists have studied the fascinating changes that have occurred in this industry. This dissertation explores what, when, and why changes occurred in the industry during the 20 th Century. The period between 1900--1930 is identified as a key point when two new demand-side consumer technologies, the automobile and radio, fueled the beginnings of a retail revolution. The most important of these innovations was the automobile. Unlike typical supply-side technological innovations that are implemented by the firm, the car was a technology that the consumer was left to adopt. Yet, by lowering local travel costs, it changed access to stores in a variety of ways and like supply side innovations the car profoundly affected the way stores produced the retail service.; In the process the size of retail stores increased dramatically. The reduction in the number of stores and the increase in population meant stores were not locating as close to the average consumer as in the past. Stores began to offer a selection of products unheard of at the turn of the century. Not only did they offer more brands of each product, but they also broadened the selection of different products. Corporate-owned chain stores started to supplant the independent retailer. Finally, retail workers became more specialized, and a smaller share of the workforce directly interacted with the customer.; This dissertation characterizes these changes and quantifies the impact that new consumer technologies had on the size, number, and labor intensity of retail stores.
机译：零售业是美国经济的第三大领域。它在经济的许多部门中都是独一无二的，因为几乎每个美国人都是日常客户。尽管扮演了重要角色，但很少有经济学家研究过该行业发生的令人着迷的变化。本文探讨了20世纪该行业发生了什么，何时以及为何发生变化。 1900--1930年这段时期被确定为关键时刻，这是两种新的需求方消费技术，即汽车和收音机，推动了零售革命的开始。这些创新中最重要的是汽车。与公司实施的典型的供应方技术创新不同，汽车是消费者必须采用的技术。然而，通过降低本地旅行成本，它以多种方式改变了进入商店的途径，并且像供应方面的创新一样，汽车深刻地影响了商店生产零售服务的方式。在此过程中，零售店的规模急剧增加。商店数量的减少和人口的增加意味着商店的位置不像过去那样接近普通消费者。在世纪之交，商店开始提供一些闻所未闻的产品。他们不仅为每种产品提供了更多的品牌，而且还拓宽了不同产品的选择范围。公司拥有的连锁店开始取代独立零售商。最终，零售工人变得更加专业化，并且一小部分劳动力直接与客户互动。本文描述了这些变化，并量化了新的消费技术对零售商店的规模，数量和劳动强度的影响。

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