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Performance of compact mobile emissions monitoring system for real-time on-board emissions measurement.

机译：紧凑型移动排放监测系统的性能，可进行实时车载排放测量。

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摘要

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Compact Mobile Emissions Monitoring System (CMEMS) in an engine dynamometer test cell equipped with laboratory grade analyzers, and under real-world testing conditions. The CMEMS was evaluated in the test cell with the engine operating under transient (FTP) and steady state conditions and results were compared with laboratory data.;In response to the Consent Decrees, which were entered into by some of the heavy duty engine manufactures and the United States, several in-use portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) have been developed, and some of them are commercially available. However, most of these systems are based upon an impractical design that requires one or more "boxes" to be placed in the cab of the test vehicle, with heated analyzers and sample handling systems, an exhaust flow rate measurement system installed on the tailpipe, and heated sample lines. Such systems place a taxing power demand on the engine. They are bulky and heavy, and the deskew times contribute to measurement uncertainties.;In response to the "lessons learned" from the use of WVU's Mobile Emissions Measuring System (MEMS), WVU has developed compact MEMS, which addresses the concerns associated with currently available PEMS, including the MEMS. The unique feature of the CMEMS is that it is a single unit with all components incorporated in the single 34" x 8" x 8" container, which is mounted on the exhaust stack.;Compared to the MEMS, the Compact Emissions Monitoring System weighs 60lb, which is 70lb less than the MEMS. CMEMS consists of a CO2 analyzer, NOx sensor and the control unit to measure CO2 and NOx emissions from a vehicle. CMEMS uses solid state nondispersive infrared detector BE-150 for measuring CO2 emissions. CMEMS has a built in Data Acquisition System. On the other hand, even though the Engine Control Module (ECM) uses a CAN (Controller Area Network) to serial adaptor, the ECU was not probed with the current set-up of the CMEMS.;The engine was tested over the steady-state cycles, federal heavy-duty certification cycle and simulated on-road cycle. Mass emissions rates measured by CMEMS differed from laboratory generated results by 6.2% for CO2 and by 5.7% for NOx over the steady-state cycle. Over the FTP transient cycle, the differences observed were -8.3% for CO2 and 11.1% for NOx. Significantly lower percentage differences were recorded while testing CMEMS over the on-road cycle: 1.4 and 2.9% for CO2 and NOx emissions respectively. Under real-world conditions, the CMEMS had a maximum error percentage of 7.7% for CO2 and 8% for NOx, in comparison to the MEMS.;CMEMS in its current configuration was unable to maintain the required temperature for the chiller, under real world testing. Lack of ventilation and heat dissipation problems were accountable for temperature problems, hence the erroneous CO2 reading by CMEMS. Further both BE-150 and MEXA-720, the NOx analyzer, were sensitive for vibration. Therefore, rugged road conditions too account for bad NOx and CO2 readings. Compact layout of CMEMS made trouble shoot time consuming when problems occurred.;It should be noted that, to the best authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop an engine emissions measuring system directly attached on the tail pipe of a heavy-duty truck. Further considerations and work will be needed when redesigning the system in order to get better engine emissions data.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估紧凑型移动排放监控系统（CMEMS）在配备实验室级分析仪的发动机测功机测试单元中以及在实际测试条件下的性能。在测试单元中对CMEMS进行了评估，其中发动机在瞬态（FTP）和稳态条件下运行，并将结果与​​实验室数据进行了比较。根据某些重型发动机制造商和制造商签署的同意法令，在美国，已经开发了几种使用中的便携式排放物测量系统（PEMS），其中一些可商购。但是，这些系统大多数都是基于不切实际的设计，要求将一个或多个“盒子”放置在测试车辆的驾驶室中，并配备加热分析仪和样品处理系统，安装在尾管上的排气流速测量系统，和加热的样品管线。这样的系统对发动机提出了苛刻的功率需求。它们体积大且笨重，并且偏移时间会增加测量的不确定性。；为响应使用WVU的移动排放测量系统（MEMS）的“经验教训”，WVU开发了紧凑的MEMS，解决了与当前相关的问题可用的PEMS，包括MEMS。 CMEMS的独特之处在于它是一个单元，所有组件都集成在一个34“ x 8” x 8“容器中，该容器安装在排气管上。与MEMS相比，紧凑型排放监控系统的重量60磅，比MEMS轻70磅； CMEMS由CO2分析仪，NOx传感器和控制单元组成，用于测量车辆的CO2和NOx排放； CMEMS使用固态非分散红外探测器BE-150来测量CO2排放。另一方面，即使发动机控制模块（ECM）使用CAN（控制器局域网）作为串行适配器，也未使用CMEMS的当前设置来探测ECU。发动机在稳态循环，联邦重型认证循环和模拟上路循环中进行了测试，在稳态下，CMEMS测量的质量排放率与实验室产生的结果不同，二氧化碳的排放率为6.2％，氮氧化物的排放率为5.7％。通过FTP Transien在t周期内，观察到的差异为CO2为-8.3％，NOx为11.1％。在公路上测试CMEMS时，记录的差异百分比明显更低：二氧化碳和NOx排放分别为1.4％和2.9％。在现实条件下，与MEMS相比，CMEMS的CO2和NOx的最大误差百分比为7.7％;当前配置的CMEMS无法在现实世界中维持冷却器所需的温度测试。缺乏通风和散热问题是造成温度问题的原因，因此CMEMS会读取错误的CO2。此外，NOx分析仪BE-150和MEXA-720都对振动敏感。因此，崎road的道路条件也造成了不良的NOx和CO2读数。 CMEMS的紧凑布局使出现问题时费时费力；应当指出的是，据作者所知，这是开发直接安装在重型尾管上的发动机排放物测量系统的首次尝试。卡车。重新设计系统时，需要进一步的考虑和工作，以便获得更好的发动机排放数据。

著录项

  • 作者

    Jayasinghe, Chandima S.;

  • 作者单位

    West Virginia University.;

  • 授予单位 West Virginia University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.
  • 学位 M.S.M.E.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 120 p.
  • 总页数 120
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 机械、仪表工业;
  • 关键词

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