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首页> 外文学位 >Multispecies interactions in a fishery ecosystem and implications for fisheries management: The impacts of the estuarine shrimp trawl fishery in North Carolina.
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Multispecies interactions in a fishery ecosystem and implications for fisheries management: The impacts of the estuarine shrimp trawl fishery in North Carolina.

机译：渔业生态系统中的多物种相互作用及其对渔业管理的影响：北卡罗莱纳州的河口虾拖网渔业的影响。

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摘要

Shrimp trawler discards account for 1.9 million mt of the 6.8 million mt of annual global fisheries discards. This study examined the effects of dead discards from the North Carolina estuarine shrimp trawl fishery on scavenger populations and examined the trophic changes resulting from fishery practices. Bycatch and discards onboard estuarine shrimp trawlers were quantified, identified, and monitored for short-term survival. The major taxa in the bycatch both by weight and number were juvenile finfish and portunid crabs. Crabs showed high survival while 78% of fish died, generating a substantial amount of carrion in the estuaries, most of which sinks. Scavenging for discards occurred mainly by blue crabs and pinfish in the lower meter of the water column. In laboratory experiments blue crabs fed on discards six times more than on a natural prey, the juvenile hard clam, and this was replicated in mesocosm experiments lasting three days, where predation on juvenile hard clams was 33-60% less in treatments where discards were added. Thus, the shrimp, blue crab, and bivalve fisheries in estuarine waters of North Carolina are interconnected. Early and late summer quantitative ecosystem mass-balance models were constructed for two years of varying intensity of disturbance from hypoxia with four fishing treatments within each of the four time periods modeled: no fishing or discarding, fishing extraction alone, discarding alone, and combined fishing extraction and discarding of carrion. The effects of fishing on trophic structure, carbon flow and system network properties as calculated by Ecopath software were minimal compared to differences due to season and disturbance by hypoxia. However, fishing and discarding changed the trophic level at which many consumers fed, decreased transfer efficiency of energy through and out of the system, and altered trophic interactions. Pathways for energy transfer increased when discards were present, increasing measures of system stability. More system production was retained as detritus when discards were included in models. Management must acknowledge the ecosystem impacts of fisheries, and ecosystem-based management will be more successful if eutrophication is minimized and if the suite of interactions between fisheries and fished species are considered in management plans.
机译：虾拖网渔船丢弃物占全球年度渔业丢弃物680万吨的190万吨。这项研究检查了北卡罗莱纳州河口虾拖网渔业中的废弃丢弃物对清道夫种群的影响，并研究了渔业做法造成的营养变化。对河口虾拖网船上的兼捕物和丢弃物进行了定量，鉴定和短期生存监测。兼捕品中按重量和数量计的主要分类群是有鳍有鳍鱼类和梭子蟹。螃蟹的存活率很高，而78％的鱼类死亡，在河口产生了大量腐肉，其中大部分会下沉。丢弃物的清除主要是在水柱下部的青蟹和针鱼造成的。在实验室实验中，以丢弃的蟹为食的蓝蟹比以天然捕食的幼小硬蛤多六倍，这在持续三天的中观试验中得到了重复，在这种实验中，丢弃有幼蟹的捕食少了33-60％添加。因此，北卡罗来纳州河口水域中的虾，蓝蟹和双壳类渔业相互联系。夏季初夏和夏季末定量生态系统质量平衡模型的建立是针对缺氧造成的不同程度的扰动，并在以下四个时间段内分别进行了四种捕捞处理：不捕捞或丢弃，单独捕捞，单独丢弃和联合捕鱼提取和丢弃腐肉。与季节和缺氧干扰引起的差异相比，Ecopath软件计算的捕捞对营养结构，碳流量和系统网络特性的影响极小。但是，捕捞和丢弃改变了许多消费者的营养水平，降低了能量通过系统和从系统中转移出来的能量传递效率，并改变了营养相互作用。当存在丢弃物时，能量传递的途径增加，从而增加了系统稳定性的度量。当模型中包含丢弃物时，将更多的系统生产保留为碎屑。管理层必须认识到渔业对生态系统的影响，如果将富营养化降到最低，并且在管理计划中考虑到渔业与鱼类物种之间的相互作用，那么基于生态系统的管理将更加成功。

著录项

  • 作者

    Johnson, Galen Anna.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 159 p.
  • 总页数 159
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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