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首页> 外文学位 >The effects of extirpation of frogs on the trophic structure in tropical montane streams in Panama.
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The effects of extirpation of frogs on the trophic structure in tropical montane streams in Panama.

机译：青蛙的灭绝对巴拿马热带山地河流营养结构的影响。

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Amphibian populations are in global decline. Species that have stream dwelling tadpoles and inhabit upper montane environments are disproportionately affected. Tadpoles are keystone herbivores in the streams so their removal is expected to have a wide range of ecosystem effects. This inspired the collaborative TADS (Tropical Amphibian Declines in Streams) project which investigated the spectrum of ecosystem effects of the frog extirpation. The study was conducted in the uplands of Panama at two sites that were differentially affected by the die offs. This arm of the TADS project used stable isotopes to investigate the changes in trophic structure in the streams. During the field season, a massive die off event occurred at the healthy site. This provided a unique opportunity to study the changes in trophic structure as they were transpiring. Several interesting trends were elucidated. The ultimate source of nitrogen and carbon are different at both sites. The food web was truncated in the absence of the tadpoles, resources that were thought to be important in the system proved not to be and fractionation of 15N and 13C varied between the sites. In keeping with the trends in the current literature, the IsoSource mixing model software was used to evaluate the trophic linkages. IsoSource which is used to determine relative contributions of multiple sources to a consumer, proved to be ineffective for pioneer studies such as this one. It is clear from the data however, that the trophic structure in both locations is significantly different and that the tadpoles provided an important subsidy to the food web. Some compartments of the food web in El Cope have already begun to approach prevailing conditions in Fortuna, but further studies are required to determine the length of time required for the entire system to equilibrate and approximate to the current conditions in Fortuna.
机译：两栖动物数量正在全球范围内减少。具有stream栖息地并居住在山区较高环境中的物种受到的影响最大。 are是溪流中的主要食草动物，因此预计将其除去会对生态系统产生广泛的影响。这激发了合作的TADS（热带两栖动物在河流中的衰落）项目，该项目调查了青蛙灭绝对生态系统的影响。该研究是在巴拿马高地的两个地点进行的，死地受到的影响各不相同。 TADS项目的这一部门使用稳定同位素研究了河流中营养结构的变化。在田间季节，在健康地点发生了大规模的死亡事件。这为研究营养结构的变化提供了独特的机会。阐明了一些有趣的趋势。氮和碳的最终来源在两个地点都不同。食物网在没有t的情况下被截断，被认为在系统中很重要的资源被证明并非如此，并且15N和13C的分馏在地点之间有所不同。为了与当前文献中的趋势保持一致，使用了IsoSource混合模型软件来评估营养联系。用于确定多种来源对消费者的相对贡献的IsoSource被证明对诸如此类的先驱研究无效。从数据可以清楚地看出，这两个地方的营养结构明显不同，并且the为食物网提供了重要的补贴。 El Cope的部分食物网已经开始接近Fortuna的主要条件，但是需要进一步研究以确定整个系统平衡并接近Fortuna当前条件所需的时间。

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