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Sankofa: Recovering Montreal's heterogeneous Black print serials.

机译：Sankofa：恢复蒙特利尔的异类Black印刷系列。

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Using the sankofa archival praxis, this thesis seeks to recover the unknown periodicals of Quebec's largest urban area and Canada's second largest. This qualitative research examines 196 Black periodicals published in Greater Montreal, from 1934 to the present. As a case study of Black-controlled serialized literature it includes: journals, newspapers, magazines, directories, bulletins, and newsletters. This thesis seeks to capture, organize, and catalogue a comprehensive checklist of Montreal's Black serials.; Despite the scores of Black publications produced in the last seventy years, the vast majority of the 196 titles located are unknown to Black readers within Montreal, Quebec. While this thesis assumes that the silence of these documents is intricately linked to the marginalized status of Blacks within Canada as a whole, and Quebec in particular, it focuses upon the context of the serials' evolution, their concomitant invisibility within the Black community of Montreal and the national and urban context of these documents. The research does not ask why this body of literature is unknown to the general populace, but rather, why Blacks themselves, as creators, that is, the Black owners, journalists, and editors of the serials, are unaware of the existence of these serials. This dissertation explores the extent to which four factors may have contributed to the invisibility of these serials in Canada and in particular in the unique setting of Montreal: language, ethnicity, orality and the treatment of documents.; These factors are framed from two general perspectives. The first perspective comprises the social effects of language and ethnicity. This focus looks at the way in which language and multi-ethnicity make up, and yet divide the community, spatially and demographically. The heterogeneity of the Black diaspora is enhanced in Montreal under provincially-imposed linguistic constraints, such as the language of education, and of public discourse. This lack of homogeneity has contributed significantly to the marginalization of Black print culture by isolating clusters of Blacks within distinct linguistic enclaves. This thesis explores how the owners, editors, and journalists of Black serials perceive how the Black community's heterogeneity may have contributed to the obfuscation of their serials.; The second perspective examines the community's internal orality, and the treatment of documents is an internal analysis of how Blacks treat print culture in general, and their own print culture in particular. Their diasporic presence in Montreal is still framed by traces of its African oral tradition, or orality, the third factor. The thesis explores the extent to which this oral tradition has led to the belief within the Black community that printed documents, including periodicals, may not be the best cultural representation to express the Black presence. The treatment of the documents is an extension of orality in that, if serials are not deemed as valued storehouses of Black culture, they may be then treated with neglect and discarded without regret by their own people.; The results of these four factors-language, ethnicity, orality, and the treatment of documents-can be readily seen in the pervasive ignorance that surrounds Black serials within the Black community. The invisibility of these serials is examined and reveals to the Black communities in Montreal, for the first time, their literary contribution to the city. Only by recognizing that these serials are important repositories of the cultural, social, political, and historical evidence of the Black presence in Montreal, will there be a collective response to their collection and preservation. This thesis presents to archivists and to librarians a first glimpse of Montreal's Black serialized literature, as well as several avenues for engagement with Black collectors, historians and with the creators of this medium.
机译：本文使用sankofa档案实践，试图恢复魁北克最大的城市地区和加拿大第二大的城市的未知期刊。这项定性研究研究了从1934年至今在大蒙特利尔出版的196种黑人期刊。作为对黑人控制的序列化文献的个案研究，它包括：期刊，报纸，杂志，目录，公告和新闻通讯。本论文旨在捕获，组织和分类蒙特利尔黑系列的全面清单。尽管在过去的七十年中产生了许多黑人出版物，但在196个出版物中，绝大多数都不为魁北克蒙特利尔市的黑人读者所了解。虽然本论文假设这些文件的沉默与整个加拿大，尤其是魁北克黑人的边缘化地位错综复杂地联系在一起，但它着眼于系列的演变背景，以及它们在蒙特利尔黑人社区中的隐身性以及这些文件的国家和城市背景。这项研究并没有问为什么普通大众不了解这种文学体系，而是为什么黑人本身作为创作者，即黑人拥有者，记者和连续剧的编辑者不知道这些连续剧的存在。 。本文探讨了四个因素可能在多大程度上导致了这些系列在加拿大的不可见性，特别是在蒙特利尔的独特环境中：语言，种族，口述和文件处理。这些因素是从两个普遍的角度来界定的。第一个观点包括语言和种族的社会影响。重点关注的是语言和多民族组成的方式，以及在空间和人口上划分社区的方式。在省政府强加的语言限制（例如教育语言和公共话语）下，蒙特利尔黑人移民的异质性得到了加强。缺乏同质性通过在不同的语言飞地中隔离黑人群体，极大地促进了黑人印刷文化的边缘化。本文探讨了黑人连续剧的所有者，编辑和记者如何看待黑人社区的异质性如何可能导致其连续剧的混淆。第二种观点审视了社区的内部口头行为，而文件的处理则是对黑人一般如何对待印刷文化，尤其是他们自己的印刷文化的内部分析。他们在蒙特利尔的流散性仍然受到其非洲口头传统或口头因素（第三因素）的影响。本文探讨了这种口头传统在多大程度上导致了黑人社区内部的信念，即印刷文件（包括期刊）可能不是表达黑人存在的最佳文化代表。文件的处理是口头表达的延伸，因为如果连续出版物不被认为是黑人文化的重要仓库，那么他们可能会被忽视而被自己的人民无悔地丢弃。语言，种族，口头和文件处理这四个因素的结果很容易在黑人社区中围绕黑人系列的普遍无知中看到。这些连续出版物的隐形性得到了检验，并首次向蒙特利尔的黑人社区揭示了他们对该城市的文学贡献。只有认识到这些系列出版物是蒙特利尔黑人存在的文化，社会，政治和历史证据的重要仓库，才会对它们的收集和保存做出集体回应。本论文向档案工作者和图书馆员展示了蒙特利尔黑人系列化文献的第一印象，以及与黑人收藏家，历史学家和该媒介的创造者接触的几种途径。

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