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A landscape approach to grassland bird conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains.

机译：大平原北部大草原坑洼地草原鸟类保护的景观方法。

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摘要

Prairie is one of the most imperiled ecosystems, and grassland birds have experienced steeper and more consistent declines than any other group of birds in North America. Habitat-based planning tools are a cornerstone of conservation in forested ecosystems, but remain a novel approach in grasslands. In Chapter 2, I develop spatially-explicit habitat models as decision support tools for conservation. I survey birds, measure local vegetation and quantify landscape features at 952 sites in western Minnesota and northwest Iowa. Findings indicate that cropland provides little habitat for grassland songbirds and that hayland does not compensate for loss of grasslands. Multiscale models show that conservation actions that integrate management at local and landscape scales have the greatest chance of success. At landscape scales, conserving and creating grasslands, removing trees from the landscape, or both, increase songbird density. Density of many species is positively related to amount of grassland at the smallest scale evaluated (0.5km2), but large grasslands are vital for others whose density is related to grassland abundance at large scales (32km2). At local scales, managing for a mosaic of vegetation that varies in structure and composition increases bird diversity. Model validation shows that planning maps can be used reliably (r2 ≥ 0.90) to establish a regional conservation strategy. I used spatially-explicit maps to identify five landscapes capable of attracting the highest densities of the greatest number of songbirds, and show that most of this habitat is unprotected from risk of conversion to other land uses. Models in Chapter 2 confirm that woody edges exacerbate effects of habitat loss, so in Chapter 3 I test whether birds use otherwise suitable habitats by experimentally removing trees in a before-after/control-impact design. This is the first study to experimentally show that songbirds avoid woody edges in otherwise suitable habitat. Avoidance of trees is apparent as far away from woody edges as surveys were conducted (240m). The spring following tree removal, the four most common species redistributed themselves ubiquitously in grasslands where trees were removed. I recommend that managers remove trees from grasslands and avoid planting trees in grasslands where conservation of songbirds is the management goal.
机译：草原是受灾最严重的生态系统之一，草原上的鸟类比北美任何其他鸟类都经历了更加陡峭和持续的下降。基于栖息地的规划工具是森林生态系统保护的基石，但在草原上仍然是一种新颖的方法。在第二章中，我开发了空间明确的栖息地模型作为保护的决策支持工具。我在明尼苏达州西部和爱荷华州西北部的952个地点调查鸟类，测量当地植被并量化景观特征。研究结果表明，农田几乎没有为草地鸣禽提供栖息地，而干草地无法补偿草地的损失。多尺度模型表明，在地方和景观尺度上整合管理的保护行动最有可能获得成功。在景观尺度上，保护和创建草原，从景观中移除树木或两者都增加了鸣禽的密度。许多物种的密度与评估的最小规模（0.5 km2）的草地数量成正相关，但是对于其他密度与大规模（32 km2）的草地丰度相关的其他物种而言，大型草地至关重要。在地方尺度上，管理植被在结构和组成上各异的马赛克会增加鸟类的多样性。模型验证表明，规划图可以可靠地使用（r2≥0.90）来建立区域保护策略。我使用了空间明晰的地图，确定了能够吸引最多数量的鸣禽的最高密度的五种景观，并表明该栖息地中的大多数没有被保护免受转换为其他土地用途的风险。第2章中的模型证实了木质边缘加剧了生境丧失的影响，因此在第3章中，我通过在前后/控制影响设计中实验性去除树木来测试鸟类是否使用其他合适的生境。这是第一项通过实验表明，鸣禽在其他合适的栖息地中避免木质边缘的研究。在进行勘测时（240m），远离树木的边缘明显避免了树木。树木砍伐后的春天，四种最常见的物种在树木被砍伐的草地上无处不在重新分布。我建议管理人员从草原上移走树木，避免在以养禽为管理目标的草原上种树。

著录项

  • 作者

    Quamen, Frank Royce.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Montana.$bFish & Wildlife Biology.;

  • 授予单位 University of Montana.$bFish & Wildlife Biology.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Agriculture Forestry and Wildlife.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 149 p.
  • 总页数 149
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学（生物生态学）;森林生物学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:39:54

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