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首页> 外文学位 >An ecological livelihoods approach to strengthen food security in Tigray and the southern nations, nationalities, & peoples' regions of Ethiopia.
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An ecological livelihoods approach to strengthen food security in Tigray and the southern nations, nationalities, & peoples' regions of Ethiopia.

机译：在提格里以及埃塞俄比亚的南部国家，民族和人民地区，采取生态生计方法加强粮食安全。

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摘要

Globally, nearly 1 billion people are food insecure, the majority of whom live in developing countries. One measure of food insecurity, the prevalence of children under-5 years of age that are underweight, is estimated to underlie the deaths of 3.1 million children globally each year, representing nearly 45% of all mortality in this age category. There are multiple underlying causes of food insecurity, including unclean water, political instability, lack of health services, climate change, and low rates of education. These underlying causes require actions by multiple sectors in order to improve food security outcomes. These interventions, termed "nutrition-sensitive interventions," include food security programs, agricultural development, education, water and sanitation projects, poverty reduction, and women's empowerment. However, indicators for measuring the impact of nutrition-sensitive interventions are often discipline and project specific, and do not address a broad range of multi-sectorial indicators. Thus, current programs miss key elements of drivers and barriers to food security and fail to incorporate these to ensure success of programs. One framework that has informed the design of multi-sector food security programs in developing countries is the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), developed by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID). Applications of the SLA demonstrate that households most successful in maintaining food security do so in ways that maximize multiple types of assets. This view of food security focuses on households' long-term resilience to external shocks that can disrupt it, and directs intervention activities to multi-sector, participatory processes for solutions that come from within communities rather than providing single-sector, short-term services that are externally driven. The SLA has primarily been applied at the household level; however, food security and livelihoods strategies are multi-dimensional and influenced by community, organizational, and political environments. To address this gap, my research integrates an ecological systems approach to the SLA model to consider the inter-relationships at the different household, community, political, and institutional levels to improve the design and evaluation of food security programs.
机译：在全球范围内，近十亿人的粮食不安全，其中大多数生活在发展中国家。衡量粮食不安全的一项措施是体重不足的5岁以下儿童的患病率，是全球每年310万儿童死亡的原因，约占该年龄组所有死亡率的45％。造成粮食不安全的根本原因有多种，包括不干净的水，政治不稳定，缺乏卫生服务，气候变化以及教育水平低。这些根本原因要求多个部门采取行动，以改善粮食安全成果。这些干预措施被称为“对营养敏感的干预措施”，包括粮食安全计划，农业发展，教育，供水和卫生项目，减贫和增强妇女权能。但是，衡量对营养敏感的干预措施的影响的指标通常是学科和项目特定的，并且没有涉及广泛的多部门指标。因此，当前的计划错过了驱动因素和粮食安全壁垒的关键要素，并且未能将这些要素纳入其中以确保计划的成功。由英国国际发展部（DFID）制定的可持续生计方法（SLA）是为发展中国家的多部门粮食安全计划的设计提供信息的一个框架。 SLA的应用表明，在维持粮食安全方面最成功的家庭可以最大限度地利用多种资产。这种对粮食安全的看法侧重于家庭对可能破坏它的外部冲击的长期抵御能力，并将干预活动引导至社区内部解决方案的多部门，参与性过程，而不是提供单部门，短期服务是外部驱动的SLA主要应用于家庭级别；但是，粮食安全和生计战略是多维的，并受到社区，组织和政治环境的影响。为了解决这一差距，我的研究将生态系统方法整合到了SLA模型中，以考虑不同家庭，社区，政治和机构级别的相互关系，以改善食品安全计划的设计和评估。

著录项

  • 作者

    Busse, Heidi A.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Environmental studies.;Sub Saharan Africa studies.;Public health.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 241 p.
  • 总页数 241
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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