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首页> 外文学位 >The mitochondrial genome of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica: The complete DNA sequence and its application in local restoration efforts.
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The mitochondrial genome of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica: The complete DNA sequence and its application in local restoration efforts.

机译：东部牡蛎Crassostrea virginica的线粒体基因组：完整的DNA序列及其在本地修复工作中的应用。

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摘要

The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is an economically important species throughout its range from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Oyster harvesting in the Chesapeake Bay was once a lucrative fishery and a major component of the local economy for more than a century. Concurrent with overexploitation, the oyster population has been subject to high mortality from epizootics caused by the parasites MSX and Dermo. The result is a critically low abundance, diminishing the status of the species as an economic and ecological resource. The Chesapeake Bay oyster population is an estimated 1% of its size a century ago and sustainable harvesting is no longer feasible. Several management options for rehabilitating local oyster populations have been considered, though an effective solution remains to be determined. Enhancement of native populations through spawner transplantation is a well-established approach. Seeding an area with hatchery-reared, genetically superior, disease-resistant oysters will potentially enhance survival and propagation of the native oyster populations. The enhancement of resident populations by transplanting hatchery-reared oysters is arguably the best option for oyster restoration available at this time.; The recent use of high-throughput molecular genetic techniques in monitoring restoration effort has proven to be informative, accurate and cost-effective. Techniques for detecting single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are quickly becoming dominant tools in molecular biology, particularly in the areas of human disease and population biology. The application of SNP technology to assess polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has received less attention but is an area of great promise. Genetic drift is often quite pronounced in mtDNA. Because mitochondria have a high replication rate and lack DNA repair mechanisms, the rate of mutation is typically higher in mtDNA than in nuclear DNA. In a preliminary study, I estimated the mitochondrial mutation rate in oysters to be at 6.2 x 10-5 nucleotide substitutions per site per generation. The high mutation rate results in high genetic variability that can be useful in the detection of hatchery-specific mitochondrial markers. Particular patterns of mitochondrial markers (or haplotypes) provide us with unique genetic signatures that can be useful in evaluating the success of restoration efforts.; This research project comprises three parts. In the first part, I sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of the eastern oyster, C. virginica. Complete sequence data provide essential background knowledge necessary in project design for subsequent investigations including determination of regions to be used for analysis, primer development, and finally identification of potential molecular markers for use in restoration assessment. The second component assessed natural rates of mutation in the mitochondrial genome. The last component identified polymorphic markers capable of distinguishing hatchery-produced spat outplanted in the Little Choptank River (Chesapeake Bay, Maryland) from resident oysters. These markers were used to assess the survival and recruitment contribution of the restoration effort in the Little Choptank River.
机译：从加拿大圣劳伦斯湾到墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，东部牡蛎Crassostrea virginica是一种重要的经济物种。切萨皮克湾的牡蛎捕捞曾经是一个利润丰厚的渔业，并且是一个多世纪以来当地经济的主要组成部分。在过度开发的同时，牡蛎种群因MSX和Dermo寄生虫引起的动物流行病而遭受高死亡率。结果是极低的丰度，降低了该物种作为经济和生态资源的地位。切萨皮克湾牡蛎种群估计一个世纪前占其种群的1％，可持续的捕捞不再可行。尽管有待确定有效的解决方案，但已考虑了几种恢复本地牡蛎种群的管理方案。通过产卵器移植提高本地人口数量是一种行之有效的方法。在孵化场饲养的，遗传上优越的，抗病的牡蛎上播种，将有可能提高本地牡蛎种群的生存和繁殖。可以说，通过移植孵化场饲养的牡蛎来增加居民数量是目前牡蛎恢复的最佳选择。高通量分子遗传技术最近在监测修复工作中的使用已被证明是信息丰富，准确且具有成本效益的。用于检测单核苷酸多态性（SNP）的技术正在迅速成为分子生物学中的主要工具，尤其是在人类疾病和人群生物学领域。 SNP技术用于评估线粒体DNA（mtDNA）多态性的应用受到的关注较少，但前景广阔。 mtDNA中的遗传漂移通常非常明显。由于线粒体具有高复制率并且缺乏DNA修复机制，因此mtDNA中的突变率通常高于核DNA中的突变率。在一项初步研究中，我估计牡蛎中的线粒体突变率是每个世代每个位点6.2 x 10-5个核苷酸取代。高突变率导致高遗传变异性，可用于检测孵化场特异性线粒体标记。线粒体标记物（或单倍型）的特殊模式为我们提供了独特的遗传特征，可用于评估修复工作的成功性。该研究项目包括三个部分。在第一部分中，我对东部牡蛎C. virginica的完整线粒体基因组进行了测序和注释。完整的序列数据提供了项目设计中后续研究所需的必要背景知识，包括确定要用于分析的区域，引物开发以及最终鉴定用于恢复评估的潜在分子标记。第二部分评估线粒体基因组中自然突变率。最后一个组件确定了多态性标记，这些标记能够区分出在小乔普坦克河（马里兰州切萨皮克湾）中移出的孵化场生产的spa和常驻牡蛎。这些标记用于评估小乔普坦克河恢复工作的生存和募集贡献。

著录项

  • 作者

    Milbury, Coren A.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Delaware.$bMarine Studies.;

  • 授予单位 University of Delaware.$bMarine Studies.;
  • 学科 Biology Molecular.; Biology Genetics.; Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 240 p.
  • 总页数 240
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 分子遗传学;遗传学;水产、渔业;
  • 关键词

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