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Thermal & Indoor Air Quality Environment on Air-conditioned Buses.

机译：空调公交车的热和室内空气质量环境。

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摘要

Air-conditioned buses have been serving Hong Kong over two decades. Bus manufacturers and local operators are keen on the service quality improvement by modifying the air-conditioning system performance, parameter settings as well as energy effectiveness. However, complaints about poor air quality and thermal discomfort were received since the beginning of services, which suggested less-than-satisfactory environments on these buses. This study was conducted to investigate such issues.;Physical measurement and questionnaire survey were conducted to review the real scenario. They revealed in-bus air quality was influenced by traffic density, surrounding building density as well as outdoor air quality. Mechanical ventilation rate is another key. Measurement result showed ventilation was affected by aerodynamic drag on travelling bus that induced pressure difference across bus body surface. Higher rate helps dilute in-bus air contaminants but increase the risk of infiltrating concentrated air pollutants when travelling in congested area. Nevertheless, lower rate results as insufficient ventilation causing air stuffiness and odour. Therefore the mechanical ventilation rate should be adjusted depending on roadway air quality.;Empirical comfort models were developed to quantify and identify the in-bus air quality and thermal comfort. Moreover, the computation result from models can optimize the air-conditioning system control. Processed real-time data provides determinants to set an appropriate outdoor air intake rate and thermal comfort settings, which reduces the dissatisfaction level and maintains the most comfortable condition along the journeys.;Personalized air supply and return system was proposed to improve air distribution by increased ventilation efficiency. Applying the empirical comfort models, the new compartment minimized those thermal discomfort issues found in the present compartment.;Air-conditioning load and energy consumption were simulated under different scenarios. Set-point air temperature and ventilation strategy were adjusted depending on computation result from empirical comfort models. Simulation result showed lower heating and cooling capacities were required (diminished by 55% and 36% respectively) in the new compartment, as compared with that the new settings applied in present compartment. Also the heating and cooling energy consumptions were reduced by 64% and 28% respectively. It revealed the personalized air supply and return design helped achieve energy effectiveness.;Finally three elements approach was developed, which assisted to improve in the aspect of design, operation and maintenance on air-conditioned buses.
机译：空调巴士已经为香港服务了二十多年。公交车制造商和当地运营商热衷于通过修改空调系统的性能，参数设置以及能源效率来改善服务质量。但是，自服务开始以来就收到有关空气质量差和热不适的投诉，这表明这些公共汽车的环境不尽人意。本研究旨在调查此类问题。进行物理测量和问卷调查以审查真实情况。他们发现，公交车内空气质量受交通密度，周围建筑物密度以及室外空气质量的影响。机械通气率是另一个关键。测量结果显示通风受到行驶公共汽车上的气动阻力的影响，该阻力在公共汽车车身表面引起压差。较高的排放率有助于稀释公交车内的空气污染物，但会增加在拥挤区域旅行时渗透入浓空气污染物的风险。但是，由于通风不足会导致空气闷气和异味，因此使用率较低。因此，应根据道路空气质量来调整机械通风率。；建立了经验舒适性模型，以量化和识别公交车中的空气质量和热舒适性。此外，模型的计算结果可以优化空调系统的控制。处理后的实时数据为确定适当的室外空气吸入率和热舒适性设置提供了决定性因素，从而减少了不满程度并保持了旅途中最舒适的条件。提出了个性化的供气和回风系统，通过增加供气量来改善空气分配通风效率。应用经验舒适模型，新的车厢将当前车厢中发现的那些热不适问题降到了最低。在不同情况下模拟了空调的负荷和能耗。根据经验舒适性模型的计算结果，调整了设定温度和通风策略。仿真结果表明，与当前隔间中应用的新设置相比，新隔间中需要的加热和冷却能力更低（分别降低了55％和36％）。此外，加热和冷却能耗分别减少了64％和28％。它揭示了个性化的供气和回风设计有助于实现能源效率。最后，开发了三要素方法，这有助于改善空调公交车的设计，操作和维护方面。

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  • 作者

    Shek, Ka Wing.;

  • 作者单位

    Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hong Kong).;

  • 授予单位 Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Hong Kong).;
  • 学科 Engineering Mechanical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 226 p.
  • 总页数 226
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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