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The effect of family background and dynamics on child test score, marital sorting and risk preference.

机译：家庭背景和动态对儿童测验分数，婚姻分类和风险偏好的影响。

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摘要

This dissertation shows that family background as well as the dynamics of that background affect a person's standardized test score when young, marital sorting and risk preference during adult years. Specifically, changes in parental employment, marital or health status have a significant and asymmetric effect on child test scores in reading and math. Using panel data from PSID and NLSY, I have found, on average, a given negative shock to one of these family self-being measures reduces reading test score by .10 to .20 of a standard deviation. Both data sets show that black and white students differ significantly not only in their test scores, but also in the frequency of parental disruptions experienced by the child. As a result, 9% to 18% of the observed differences in black-white test score gaps are due to black children having parents who experience more unemployment spells, marital disruptions, and negative health shocks than white children.;Using a representative sample of U.S. couples, we found that the correlation in parental wealth between spouses is 0.42. This parental wealth assortative mating accounts for about one-quarter of the conventional intergeneration wealth correlation, and at least seven percent of the intergenerational correlation in income. These results confirm Becker's (1973, 1974) notion that assortative mating might magnify measured parent/child correlations.;Lastly, for some PSID individuals aged 27 to 35 in 1996, experiencing family head unemployment at the young age (6-12) directly lowered a child's risk tolerance measures, while experiencing family unemployment around age 13 to 18 had little effect. A child is 10% less likely to be in the highest or second highest risk tolerance category, out of four categories given in the PSID, if experienced family head unemployment when young. However, experiencing family unemployment while young does not seem to directly affect a person's choice of occupations. The result suggests that family unemployment at younger age may serve as an instrument for risk tolerance under some circumstances since risk preference is an important, but usually under-reported variable for research on household decisions.
机译：本文表明，家庭背景以及家庭背景的动态变化会影响一个人年轻时的标准化测验分数，成年时的婚姻分类和风险偏好。具体来说，父母的工作，婚姻或健康状况的变化对阅读和数学中的儿童测验成绩有明显且不对称的影响。使用来自PSID和NLSY的面板数据，平均而言，我发现给这些家庭自测其中之一带来的负面冲击会使阅读测试得分降低0.1至0.20个标准差。这两个数据集都表明，黑人和白人学生不仅在测验分数上存在显着差异，而且在孩子遭受父母干扰的频率上也存在显着差异。结果，观察到的黑白测试成绩差距中的9％至18％是由于黑人孩子的父母比白人孩子的父母经历了更多的失业期，婚姻破裂和负面健康冲击;使用有代表性的在美国夫妇中，我们发现，配偶之间父母财产的相关性为0.42。这种父母财富的分类交配占传统代际财富相关性的约四分之一，并且至少占收入的代际相关性的百分之七。这些结果证实了Becker（1973，1974）的观点，即择偶交配可能会放大父母/孩子之间的相关性。最后，对于1996年年龄在27至35岁之间的一些PSID个人来说，年轻时（6-12岁）的家庭户主失业率直接降低了儿童的风险承受力措施，虽然在13至18岁左右经历家庭失业，但收效甚微。如果在年轻时经历过家庭户主失业，则在PSID给出的四个类别中，处于最高或第二最高风险承受能力类别中的孩子的可能性要低10％。但是，年轻时经历家庭失业似乎并不直接影响一个人的职业选择。结果表明，在某些情况下，较年轻的家庭失业可能是承受风险的工具，因为风险偏好是重要的，但对于家庭决策研究而言，该变量通常报告不足。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ren, Liqian.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Chicago.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Chicago.;
  • 学科 Economics Labor.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 宗教;
  • 关键词

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