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Mineralization in soils amended with manure as affected by environmental conditions.

机译：受环境条件影响，土壤中的矿化作用会随肥料而改变。

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摘要

Concerns for environmental quality have prompted interest in recent years to develop agricultural practices that mitigate nutrient loss to the environment. It is imperative that management practices are developed that maximize the use of plant nutrients while minimizing environmental degradation. Thus, the main aim of this dissertation was to evaluate the impact that manure application to soil from different environmental conditions, soil types, and management practices have on nutrient cycling. This dissertation consists of four parts: (1) Residual effects of long-term tillage and manure application on carbon and nitrogen mineralization, (2) Mineralization of N in soils amended with dairy manure as affected by wetting/drying cycles, (3) A seasonal nitrogen mineralization study as influenced by soil properties and landscape position, (4) Soil microbial community dynamics as influenced by soil properties and landscape position. In the first study, C and N cycling was evaluated in the laboratory using soil from long-term tillage and manure (poultry litter) plots. No-tillage (NT) with litter contained the highest total organic carbon (TOC) in the 0-5 cm depths, which corresponded to significantly higher C and N mineralization rates. Carbon and N mineralization was higher in the 0-5 cm depths for NT, while conventional tillage (CT) was higher in 10-20 cm depths. In the second study, influence of manure addition on N mineralization was most evident at higher soil temperatures. The rate of N mineralization was mainly attributed to soil series, Catlin (silt loam)> Goldsboro (loam)> Bama (sandy loam). No significant differences were observed between constant and cycling moisture regimens. In the third study, dairy compost manure was mainly influenced by season with summer months mineralizing the most N. Landscape and soil texture also influenced N mineralization; during the winter months soil with the greatest percentage of sand located in a low lying area lost most of the added manure N, while the loam soil with the greatest soil moisture mineralized the most N during the summer. In the fourth study, dairy compost manure caused a shift in microbial dynamics, which was most evident during summer compared to winter months. Landscape and soil type also changed microbial properties. A loam soil located in a depressed area produced the highest microbial biomass and microbial activity. Canonical discriminate analysis using phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profiles confirmed these changes in microbial properties by indicating a shift in lipid composition had occurred between season, manure application, and soil landscape. The knowledge acquired from this dissertation study has improved our understanding of nutrient cycling and could aid in the development of better management practices that increases the N use efficiency of litter.
机译：对环境质量的关注引起了近年来对发展减轻土壤养分流失的农业实践的兴趣。当务之急是发展管理实践，以最大程度地利用植物养分，同时将环境退化降至最低。因此，本论文的主要目的是评估不同环境条件，土壤类型和管理方式对土壤施肥对养分循环的影响。本文包括四个部分：（1）长期耕作和施肥对碳和氮矿化的残留影响；（2）受湿/干循环影响的土壤中氮的矿化和奶牛粪便的改良；季节性氮矿化研究受土壤特性和景观位置的影响；（4）受土壤特性和景观位置影响的土壤微生物群落动态。在第一个研究中，在实验室中使用长期耕种的土壤和粪肥（家禽垫料）评估了碳和氮的循环。免耕抛弃（NT）在0-5厘米深度处包含最高的总有机碳（TOC），这对应于显着更高的C和N矿化率。 NT的0-5 cm深度碳和N矿化度较高，而传统耕作（CT）的10-20 cm深度较高。在第二项研究中，在较高的土壤温度下，添加肥料对氮矿化的影响最为明显。氮的矿化速率主要归因于土壤系列：卡特林（粉质壤土）>戈德斯伯勒（壤土）>巴马（桑迪壤土）。在恒定和循环水分方案之间未观察到显着差异。在第三项研究中，乳品堆肥主要受季节影响，夏季月份矿化的氮最多。景观和土壤质地也影响氮的矿化。在冬季，位于低洼地区的沙土比例最高的土壤损失了大部分添加的肥料氮，而土壤水分最大的壤土则在夏季矿化了最多的氮。在第四项研究中，乳品堆肥导致微生物动力学变化，与冬季相比，夏季变化最为明显。景观和土壤类型也改变了微生物特性。位于洼地的一块壤土产生了最高的微生物生物量和微生物活性。通过使用磷脂酯连接的脂肪酸（PLFA）谱进行典型判别分析，通过表明脂类成分在季节，施肥和土壤景观之间发生了变化，证实了微生物特性的这些变化。从本论文研究中获得的知识提高了我们对养分循环的理解，并可以帮助开发更好的管理方法，从而提高垃圾的氮素利用效率。

著录项

  • 作者

    Watts, Dexter Brown.;

  • 作者单位

    Auburn University.;

  • 授予单位 Auburn University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Soil Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 154 p.
  • 总页数 154
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 土壤学;
  • 关键词

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