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首页> 外文学位 >Ecological risk to cetaceans from anthropogenic ocean sound: Characterization analysis using a professional judgment approach to uncertainty.
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Ecological risk to cetaceans from anthropogenic ocean sound: Characterization analysis using a professional judgment approach to uncertainty.

机译：人为海洋声音对鲸类动物的生态风险：使用专业判断方法对不确定性进行表征分析。

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摘要

The recommendations of anthropogenic ocean sound impact criteria by an expert community of scientists have been monitored over the 10-year period from 1996--2006. This dissertation approaches this topic in three ways; (1) by content analyzing 94 peer-reviewed publications specific to this topic (representing 20 countries and 27 species of cetaceans, and virtually all oceans), from which up to fifteen variables were coded for exploratory analysis, (2) by an anonymous Internet survey questionnaire administered to 91 of the 119 authors of these 94 publications, one that was designed to identify common patterns and points of departure in how these expert scientists currently independently and anonymously characterize their data on the species they study, and (3) Logistic regression analysis to help determine the functional relationship, or measure of association (risk) between anthropogenic ocean sound and impacts to cetaceans and fish.; Results indicate an increasing risk of disturbance behaviors in response to increasing anthropogenic sound levels, and that observed free-ranging populations (n > 1486 animals) have lower behavioral thresholds to anthropogenic sound than observed captive individuals (n = 25 animals). Empirical estimates indicate a .945 probability that the sound threshold for free-ranging animals lies below the 180dB rms NMFS status quo criterion. Survey data suggests a significant increase in the concern over global ocean sound over the 10-year period---with 51% of criteria recommendations dropping from the 180dB rms status quo to 140dB p-p and below, representing more than a 50% shift toward the 100dB rms average ambient assumed in this study. It is concluded that these empiricists demonstrated a cooperative strategy which is in the early stages of adaptive management favoring integrating solutions to sustainability problems by way of collective management, and advocate precautionary behavior. Communications strategies are identified and discussed and recommendations include open data base collaborations.; This project thus demonstrates the utility of a transparent international data base instrument and suggests a broader strategy for greater scientific leadership in guiding policy toward achieving sustainable management of living marine resources.
机译：在1996--2006年的10年中，由一个专家科学家团体对人为海洋声音影响标准的建议进行了监测。本文通过三种方式探讨了这一问题。 （1）通过内容分析特定于该主题的94篇经同行评审的出版物（代表20个国家和27种鲸类动物以及几乎所有海洋），其中多达15个变量被编码用于探索性分析，（2）通过匿名互联网对这94个出版物的119位作者中的91位进行了问卷调查，旨在调查这些专家科学家当前如何独立和匿名表征其研究物种数据的常见模式和出发点，以及（3）Logistic回归分析以帮助确定人为海洋声与对鲸类和鱼类的影响之间的功能关系或度量（风险）；结果表明，随着人为声音水平的提高，干扰行为的风险增加，并且观察到的自由放养种群（n> 1486只动物）对人为声音的行为阈值低于观察到的圈养个体（n = 25只动物）。经验估计表明，自由放养动物的声音阈值位于180dB rms NMFS现行标准以下的概率为0.945。调查数据表明，在过去的10年中，对全球海洋声音的担忧显着增加-51％的标准建议从180dB rms的现状降至140dB pp或更低，这意味着向海洋声压的转变超过了50％本研究假设平均环境噪声为100dB rms。结论是，这些经验主义者展示了一种合作策略，该策略处于适应性管理的早期阶段，该策略倾向于通过集体管理整合可持续性问题的解决方案，并倡导预防行为。确定和讨论交流策略，建议包括开放式数据库协作。因此，该项目证明了透明的国际数据库工具的实用性，并提出了更广泛的战略，以更大的科学领导力来指导实现海洋生物资源可持续管理的政策。

著录项

  • 作者

    Truett, Amanda Ann.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Maryland, College Park.$bMarine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences.;

  • 授予单位 University of Maryland, College Park.$bMarine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences.;
  • 学科 Sociology Theory and Methods.; Political Science International Law and Relations.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 233 p.
  • 总页数 233
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 社会学理论与方法论;国际法;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

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