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Development of on-the-go soil sensing technology for mapping soil pH, potassium and nitrate contents.

机译：用于绘制土壤pH，钾和硝酸盐含量的移动土壤传感技术的开发。

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摘要

The main objective of precision agriculture is optimized management of spatial and temporal field variability to reduce waste, increase profits and protect the quality of the environment. Knowledge of spatial variability of soil attributes is critical for precision agriculture. Different approaches to assess this variability on-the-go have been pursued through development of soil sensors. One of the methods, direct soil measurement (DSM), has been applied in a commercial implement for on-the-go mapping of soil pH. In this research, DSM was evaluated in terms of extendibility to other soil chemical properties, including soluble potassium and residual nitrate. Further, superior ISE based approach called agitated soil measurement (ASM) has been developed and analyzed. Electrode calibration, precision and accuracy while performing DSM and ASM under laboratory and field simulation conditions were analyzed. The potential applicability of DSM/ASM for studied chemical soil properties declined in the order: pH > potassium > nitrate. The reason for this decline was attributed to the nature of the methodology itself. While developing ASM technique, the following factors have been evaluated: soil-water ratio (SWR), quality of water used for electrode rinsing (QWR) and for ion extraction (QWE), presence of ionic strength adjuster (ISA) and solution agitation (stirring). It was concluded that for on-the-go mapping agitated purified water extraction without ISA, addition of a fixed amount of water (1:1 SWR), and regular (tap) water for ISE rinsing should be used. To physically implement the ASM methodology, an Integrated Agitation Chamber Module (IACM) was developed and incorporated into the commercial soil pH mapping equipment. Based on the field simulation test, neither precision nor accuracy estimates have been improved as compared to the DSM field simulation test (precision error ranged between 0.11 for pH to 0.22 for pNO3). However, in addition to reduced electrode abuse, laboratory evaluation of ASM has revealed significantly lower measurement errors for all three properties and, therefore, retained the potential for improved quality of on-the-go field mapping.
机译：精准农业的主要目标是对空间和时间领域的变异性进行优化管理，以减少浪费，增加利润并保护环境质量。土壤属性空间变异性的知识对于精准农业至关重要。通过开发土壤传感器，人们一直采用不同的方法来评估这种变化。一种方法，直接土壤测量（DSM），已在商业工具中用于对土壤pH值进行实时绘图。在这项研究中，对DSM进行了对其他土壤化学特性的可扩展性评估，包括可溶性钾和残留硝酸盐。此外，已经开发并分析了基于高级ISE的方法，称为搅拌土壤测量（ASM）。分析了在实验室和现场模拟条件下进行DSM和ASM时的电极校准，精度和准确性。 DSM / ASM对于研究的化学土壤特性的潜在适用性依次下降：pH>钾>硝酸盐。下降的原因归因于方法本身的性质。在开发ASM技术时，已评估了以下因素：土壤水比（SWR），用于电极冲洗（QWR）和用于离子提取（QWE）的水的质量，存在离子强度调节剂（ISA）和溶液搅拌（搅拌）。结论是，对于不使用ISA的移动地图上的搅拌纯净水提取，应使用固定量的水（1：1 SWR）和常规（自来水）用于ISE漂洗。为了在物理上实施ASM方法，开发了集成搅拌室模块（IACM），并将其整合到商业土壤pH测绘设备中。基于现场模拟测试，与DSM现场模拟测试相比，精度和准确度估算均未得到改善（pH的精确度误差在0.11到pNO3的精确度误差在0.22之间）。但是，除了减少电极滥用外，对ASM的实验室评估还显示出所有三种特性的测量误差均大大降低，因此保留了改善现场测绘质量的潜力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sethuramasamyraja, Balaji.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;
  • 学科 Engineering Agricultural.; Agriculture Soil Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 136 p.
  • 总页数 136
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业工程;土壤学;
  • 关键词

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