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The impact of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling on the energy consumption, schedulability and predictability of real-time embedded systems

机译：动态电压和频率缩放对实时嵌入式系统的能耗，可调度性和可预测性的影响

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摘要

Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) has become an accepted and widespread technique to manage power and energy consumption in general-purpose and embedded systems. The careful selection of voltage levels and operating frequencies through DVFS can result in an efficient system that meets deadline, throughput and other timing constraints, while also maximizing the system's lifetime. However, the misuse of DVFS is also possible, which can result in a system that is either less efficient, or fails to meet timing constraints. In the case of a hard real-time system, this can result in catastrophic failures.;This dissertation extends the state-of-the-art in several areas with respect to DVFS. First, several algorithms are introduced to manage the impact of voltage transition overhead on hard real-time systems, including reducing the increase in energy and eliminating deadline misses. Jitter constraints are also met through DVFS to increase the stability and predictability of such systems. In addition to a single CPU, a dual-resource system consisting of a CPU and a wireless network interface is also examined. Next, the applicability of DVFS as a power-management technique for real-time 3D graphics applications on portable embedded systems is evaluated and an effective graphics-workload prediction technique used to facilitate DVFS is introduced. Finally, the simulation platform used to evaluate each of the proposed techniques is presented. Many open problems are presented along the way which can serve as starting points for future research.
机译：动态电压和频率缩放（DVFS）已经成为管理通用和嵌入式系统中功耗和能耗的公认技术。通过DVFS精心选择电压电平和工作频率可以产生一个满足期限，吞吐量和其他时序约束的高效系统，同时还可以最大程度地延长系统的使用寿命。但是，也可能会滥用DVFS，这可能导致系统效率降低或无法满足时序约束。在硬实时系统的情况下，这可能会导致灾难性的故障。本论文将有关DVFS的最新技术扩展到几个领域。首先，引入了几种算法来管理电压转换开销对硬实时系统的影响，包括减少能量的增加和消除截止期限。 DVFS还可以满足抖动限制，从而提高此类系统的稳定性和可预测性。除了单个CPU外，还检查了由CPU和无线网络接口组成的双资源系统。接下来，评估了DVFS作为便携式嵌入式系统上实时3D图形应用程序的电源管理技术的适用性，并介绍了一种用于促进DVFS的有效图形工作量预测技术。最后，介绍了用于评估每种提出的技术的仿真平台。在此过程中提出了许多未解决的问题，可以作为未来研究的起点。

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  • 作者

    Mochocki, Bren Christopher.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Notre Dame.;

  • 授予单位 University of Notre Dame.;
  • 学科 Computer science.;Electrical engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 196 p.
  • 总页数 196
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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