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首页> 外文学位 >Examining mechanism of toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans .
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Examining mechanism of toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans .

机译：氧化铜纳米粒子对酿酒酵母和秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性检验机制。

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摘要

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are an up and coming technology increasingly being used in industrial and consumer applications and thus may pose risk to humans and the environment. In the present study, the toxic effects of CuO NPs were studied with two model organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans.;The role of released Cu ions during dissolution of CuO NPs in growth media were studied with freshly suspended, aged NPs, and the released Cu 2+ fraction. Exposures to the different Cu treatments showed significant inhibition of S. cerevisiae cellular metabolic activity. Inhibition from the NPs was inversely proportional to size and was not fully explained by the released Cu ions. S. cerevisiae cultures grown under respiring conditions demonstrated greater metabolic sensitivity when exposed to CuO NPs compared to cultures undergoing fermentation. The cellular response to both CuO NPs and released Cu ions on gene expression was analyzed via microarray analysis after an acute exposure. It was observed that both copper exposures resulted in an increase in carbohydrate storage, a decrease in protein production, protein misfolding, increased membrane permeability, and cell cycle arrest. Cells exposed to NPs up-regulated genes related to oxidative phosphorylation but also may be inducing cell cycle arrest by a different mechanism than that observed with released Cu ions.;The effect of CuO NPs on C. elegans was examined by using several toxicological endpoints. The CuO NPs displayed a more inhibitory effect, compared to copper sulfate, on nematode reproduction, feeding, and development. We investigated the effects of copper oxide nanoparticles and copper sulfate on neuronal health, a known tissue vulnerable to heavy metal toxicity. In transgenic C. eleganswith neurons expressing a green fluorescent protein reporter, neuronal degeneration was observed in up to 10% of the population after copper oxide nanoparticle exposure. Additionally, nematode mutant strains containing gene knockouts in the divalent-metal transporters smf-1 and smf-2 showed increased tolerance to copper exposure. These results lend credence to the hypothesis that some toxicological effects to eukaryotic organisms from copper oxide nanoparticle exposure may be due to properties specific to the nanoparticles and not solely from the released copper ions.
机译：氧化铜纳米粒子（CuO NPs）是一项新兴技术，越来越多地用于工业和消费应用，因此可能对人类和环境构成风险。本研究利用两种模式生物啤酒酵母和秀丽隐杆线虫研究了CuO NPs的毒性作用;研究了新鲜悬浮，老化的NPs对生长介质中CuO NPs溶解过程中释放的Cu离子的作用。 Cu 2+分数。暴露于不同的铜处理显示出啤酒酵母细胞代谢活性的显着抑制。 NPs的抑制作用与大小成反比，释放的Cu离子不能完全解释其抑制作用。与暴露于发酵的培养物相比，在呼吸条件下生长的酿酒酵母培养物暴露于CuO NPs时表现出更高的代谢敏感性。在急性暴露后，通过微阵列分析来分析对CuO NPs和释放的Cu离子对基因表达的细胞反应。观察到两种铜暴露均导致碳水化合物储存的增加，蛋白质产量的减少，蛋白质错误折叠，膜通透性增加和细胞周期停滞。暴露于NPs的细胞上调了与氧化磷酸化有关的基因，但也可能通过与释放Cu离子不同的机制诱导细胞周期停滞。;使用多个毒理学终点研究了CuO NPs对秀丽隐杆线虫的影响。与硫酸铜相比，CuO NPs对线虫的繁殖，摄食和发育表现出更大的抑制作用。我们研究了氧化铜纳米颗粒和硫酸铜对神经元健康的影响，神经元健康是一种易受重金属毒性影响的已知组织。在表达绿色荧光蛋白报道基因的带有神经元的转基因秀丽隐杆线虫中，在暴露于氧化铜纳米粒子后，多达10％的人群中观察到神经元变性。此外，在二价金属转运蛋白smf-1和smf-2中含有基因敲除的线虫突变株显示出对铜暴露的耐受性增加。这些结果证实了以下假设：氧化铜纳米粒子暴露对真核生物的某些毒理作用可能是由于纳米粒子特有的特性，而不仅仅是由于释放的铜离子。

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  • 作者

    Mashock, Michael J.;

  • 作者单位

    Marquette University.;

  • 授予单位 Marquette University.;
  • 学科 Toxicology.;Environmental science.;Neurosciences.;Nanotechnology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 164 p.
  • 总页数 164
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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