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Phylogenetic studies of the family Pyronemataceae (Ascomycota, Pezizales).

机译：pylonmataceae科（Ascomycota，Pezizales）的系统发育研究。

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Chapter 1. Pyronemataceae remains the least well studied family of Pezizales, and has long been considered a default family for taxa that lack distinguishing anatomical characters by which they can be assigned to other families. Phylogenetic analyses based on nLSU rDNA indicate the family is not monophyletic as currently circumscribed, and subsumes Ascodesmidaceae. Many intergeneric relationships within the family are not highly supported, and several genera are suggested to be non-monophyletic.; Morphological characters traditionally used to recognize sub-groupings within the family are rarely phylogenetically informative above the genus level. Hypogeous, cleistothecial and reduced forms have arisen multiple times independently within the family, and ectomycorrhizae forming species are present in several distinct clades.; Chapter 2. A growing number of molecular studies demonstrate that pezizalean species constitute a large proportion of mycobionts in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) communities, yet most remain undetermined at the genus or species level. Morphotyping and sequencing EcM root tips, and subsequent identification through phylogenetic analyses within a large nLSU rDNA data set, indicates the presence of EcM forming species in all major clades of Pezizales, and especially within Pyronemataceae. EcM of Pezizales are identified by their distinctive anatomy, including particularly thick cell walls and stout hyphae.; Chapter 3. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA sequence data from a broad representation of Ascomycota strongly support the evolutionary origin of the cleistothecial fungi Orbicula parietina and Lasiobolidium orbiculoides within Pezizales. nLSU data suggest Orbicula is nested within the apothecia-forming genus Pseudombrophila of Pyronemataceae, and that L. orbiculoides is closely related. We postulate that within the Pseudombrophila lineage, cleistothecia are derived from apothecia that open late in development. The placement of these cleistothecial fungi within Pseudombrophila is supported by morphological and ecological characters.; Chapter 4. Chaetothiersia vernalis, collected from the northern High Sierra Nevada of California, is described as a new genus and species of Pyronemataceae. The genus is characterized by stiff, superficial, brown excipular hairs, smooth, eguttulate ascospores, and a thin ectal excipulum composed of globose to angular-globose cells. Phylogenetic analyses of nLSU sequence data support the recognition of Chaetothiersia as a distinct genus, and suggest a close relationship to Paratrichophaea .
机译：第1章。禾本科仍然是研究程度最差的Pezizales家族，长期以来一直被认为是分类单元的默认家族，缺乏分类的解剖学特征，无法将它们分配给其他家族。基于nLSU rDNA的系统发育分析表明，该家族不是目前所限定的单系家族，隶属于豆科。该家族中的许多属间关系没有得到高度支持，并且有几个属被认为是非一属的。传统上用来识别家庭中亚组的形态特征在属水平之上很少在系统发育上提供信息。在家庭中，低等，抗神伤和还原形式已独立出现多次，并且在数个不同的进化枝中存在形成菌根的物种。第2章。越来越多的分子研究表明，在外生菌根（EcM）社区中，哌齐菌种占很大比例，但在属或种水平仍未确定。对EcM根尖进行形态分型和测序，然后通过大型nLSU rDNA数据集内的系统发育分析进行鉴定，表明在Pezizales的所有主要进化枝中，尤其是在火棘科中都存在EcM形成物种。百日草的EcM通过其独特的解剖结构来识别，包括特别厚的细胞壁和粗壮的菌丝。第3章。从广泛的子囊菌的SSU rDNA序列数据进行系统发育分析，有力地支持了Pezizales内的菌科真菌Orbicula parietina和Lasiobolidium orbiculoides的进化起源。 nLSU数据表明，Orbicula嵌套在假单胞菌科的形成假单胞菌属的假单胞菌属中，而L. orbiculoides密切相关。我们假设在假单胞菌谱系内，鞘膜剥落症起源于在发育后期开放的无神菌。这些菌毛真菌在假单胞菌中的放置受到形态和生态学特征的支持。第4章。从加利福尼亚内华达州北部高山地北部收集的Chaetothiersia vernalis被描述为一种新的镰刀菌科。该属的特征是僵硬，浅表的褐色毛状毛发，光滑，细密的子囊孢子和由球状到角状球状细胞组成的薄的直肠分泌物。对nLSU序列数据的系统发育分析支持将木犀属（Chaetothiersia）识别为一个独特的属，并暗示其与甲状旁白的亲缘关系密切。

著录项

  • 作者

    Perry, Brian Andrew.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.; Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 199 p.
  • 总页数 199
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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